数字化转型、失败学习与制度资本对企业数字化创新影响的组态研究

A Configuration Study on the Impact of Digital Transformation,Failure-Based Learning and Institutional Capital on Enterprise Digital Innovation

运用fsQCA方法,基于258份有效样本,从组态视角探讨数字化转型(数字化技术水平、数字化应用范围)、失败学习(个体失败学习、组织失败学习)、制度资本(正式制度资本、非正式制度资本)与企业数字化创新的复杂因果关系。结果表明:首先,单个因素不构成企业高/非高数字化创新的必要条件,但是高数字化技术水平在产生企业高数字化创新过程中发挥普适性作用;其次,产生企业高数字化创新的组态有5个,其中存在两组二阶等价组态,第一组二阶等价组态由3个组态构成,均以高数字化技术水平和高个体失败学习为核心条件,并分别以高数字化应用范围和高组织失败学习、高数字化应用范围和高制度资本、高数字化应用范围和非高制度资本为边缘条件;第二组二阶等价组态由2个组态构成,均以高组织失败学习和高非正式制度资本为核心条件,并分别以高数字化技术水平、高个体失败学习和高正式制度资本,以及高数字化转型和高正式制度资本为边缘条件。

As the power for the high-quality development of enterprises,digital innovation is a key link in the innovation-driven development strategy.Only through digital innovation can enterprises realize continuous changes.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to deeply explore the impact of antecedents on enterprise digital innovation.Some scholars have identified certain factors that impact enterprise digital innovation,either at the single level of organization or environment or the combination of them.However,the existing literature has not yet paid attention to the impact of digital transformation,failure-based learning,and institutional capital on enterprise digital innovation.With the increasing dynamics and complexity of digital innovation,it is imperative to study the combined impact of various antecedents on enterprise digital innovation from a holistic perspective.In view of this,with 258 valid samples,the paper uses the fsQCA method to discuss the complex causal relationship among digital transformation(digital technology level and digital application range),failure-based learning(failure-based learning at the individual level and failure-based learning at the organizational level),institutional capital(formal institutional capital and informal institutional capital)and enterprise digital innovation from the configurational perspective.It concludes that,firstly,there is not any single factor that constitutes a necessary condition leading to high/non-high digital innovation of enterprises,but digital technology level plays a general role in leading to high digital innovation.Secondly,there are five configurations that lead to high digital innovation of enterprises,in which there are two groups of second-order equifinal configuration,including three and two configurations,respectively.The first group of second-order equifinal configuration all take high digital technology level and high failure-based learning at the individual level as core conditions,and take high digital application range and high failure-based learning at the organizational level,high digital application range and high institutional capital,high digital application range and non-high institutional capital as peripheral conditions,respectively;the second group of second-order equifinal configuration all take high failure-based learning at the organizational level and high informal institutional capital as core conditions,and take high digital technology level and high failure-based learning at the individual level and high formal institutional capital,high digital transformation and high formal institutional capital as peripheral conditions,respectively.Furthermore,under certain conditions,there is a substitutional relationship between high digital application range and high failure-based learning at the individual level in leading to high digital innovation of enterprises.The theoretical contributions have three aspects.Firstly,combining the organizational and environmental levels,this paper selects six factors of digital transformation,failure-based learning and institutional capital to make a configuration analysis on the realization path of enterprise digital innovation,which enriches the study on the impact factors of enterprise digital innovation.Secondly,through adequacy analysis and horizontal comparison among configurations,it further confirms the relationship among various factors,and the key factor that leads to high digital innovation,and clarifies the study on the realization path of enterprise digital innovation.Finally,under certain conditions,there is a substitutional relationship between high digital application range and high failure-based learning at the individual level,which fully shows the advantage that QCA can explain the relationship among the factors of the configuration,and provides reference for exploring the complex digital innovation of enterprises in the future.This paper provides some management enlightenments for related enterprises.Firstly,enterprises should recognize the important role of digital technology level in digital innovation,strengthen digital consciousness,and apply digital technologies to products,operations and business models to realize enterprise digital innovation.Secondly,enterprises should be flexible and explore the realization path of high digital innovation in many directions,then pay attention to the combination optimization of factors,and give a full play of the synergy role of all factors in digital innovation.Finally,enterprises should make clear the substitution among factors according to their own conditions.Under certain conditions,if the digital application range is not extensive,enterprises should encourage employees to exert their subjective initiative,and realize high digital innovation through high failure-based learning at the individual level.