69例中老年人群切牙管形态学特征的CBCT测量分析

Measurements of morphological characteristics of incisal canals in 65 middle-aged and elderly patients by CBCT

目的:使用CBCT对中老年人群切牙管的相关形态学参数进行测量,分析切牙管位置与形态的增龄性变化,探讨切牙管与周围解剖结构之间的相对位置关系,为该人群的前牙种植美学修复设计提供参考。方法:对69例50岁以上患者的CBCT资料进行测量,项目包括冠状面上位于切牙管切牙孔(WIF)、中位(Wm)和斯坦森孔(WSF)处的切牙管宽度,矢状面切牙管长轴上的切牙孔(DIF)、中位(Dm)和斯坦森孔(DSF)处的切牙管直径,唇侧的骨最凹处到切牙管前壁的距离(A),以及牙槽嵴顶到A处的距离(B)。根据患者性别、是否缺失上前牙进行分组,采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:切牙管平均宽度(W)为(3.93±0.83)mm,平均直径(D)为(3.03±0.83)mm;唇侧骨最凹处到切牙管前壁的距离(A)平均为(6.15±1.53)mm,牙槽嵴顶到A处的距离(B)平均为(11.98±2.50)mm。男性组的DIF[(3.61±0.79) mm]高于女性组[(3.14±0.94)mm],男性组的DSF[(2.96±1.22)mm]高于女性组[(2.31±0.92)mm],男性组的A值[(6.76±1.43)mm]高于女性组[(5.48±1.36)mm],牙缺失组的A值[(5.73±1.55)mm]低于无牙缺失组[(6.41±1.48)mm],牙缺失组的B值[(10.73±2.64)mm]低于无牙缺失组[(12.78±2.06)mm],差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:性别对切牙管的直径、牙槽嵴厚度有影响,上前牙是否缺失对牙槽嵴高度有影响。在中老年前牙缺失患者中,需要更精确地控制种植方向与深度。

PURPOSE:To measure the morphological parameters of the incisal canals in the middle-aged and elderly population using CBCT,to analyze the age-related changes in the position and morphology of the incisive canals,and to investigate the relative position between the incisive canals and the surrounding anatomical structures,in order to provide reference for the design of aesthetic anterior dental implant restorations in this population.METHODS:CBCT data from69 patients over 50 years of age were measured in the sagittal and coronal planes for the incisal foramen(WIF) along the long axis of the incisal canal,the width of the incisal canal from the median(Wm) to the Stetson's foramen(WSF),the diameter of the incisal canal along the long axis of the incisal canal(DIF),the diameter of the incisal canal from the median(Dm)to the Stetson's foramen(DSF),and the distance from the most concave part of the bone on the labial side to the anterior wall of the incisal canal(A),and the distance from the top of the alveolar ridge to A(B) were measured,respectively.The patients were grouped according to gender and whether or not they were missing upper anterior teeth,and the data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software package.RESULTS:The mean width of the incisal canal(W) was(3.93±0.83) mm,the mean diameter(D) was(3.03±0.83) mm,the mean distance from the most concave part of the bone on the labial side to the anterior wall of the incisal canal was(6.15±1.53) mm,and the mean distance from the top of the alveolar ridge to A was(11.98±2.50) mm.DIFin male group [(3.61 ± 0.79) mm] was higher than that in female group[(3.14±0.94) mm],DSFin male group [(2.96±1.22) mm] was higher than that in female group[(2.31 ±0.92) mm],A value in male group [(6.76 ±1.43) mm]was higher than that in female group [(5.48±1.36) mm],A value in the edentulous group [(5.73±1.55) mm] was lower than that in the edentulous group [(6.41±1.48)mm],B value in the edentulous group[(10.73±2.64)mm] was lower than that in the edentulous group [(12.78±2.06)mm].All the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Gender has an influence on the diameter of the incisal canal,the thickness of the alveolar crest bone.The height of the alveolar crest was related to with or without missing upper anterior teeth;and in middle-aged and elderly patients with missing anterior teeth,a more precise control of the implant direction at depth is needed.