血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白及轻链检测在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的应用

Application of serum protein electrophoresis,immunofixation electrophoresis,immunoglobulin and light chain detection in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma

目的探讨血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白及轻链检测在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)诊断中的应用。方法选取MM患者98例,所有患者均行血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白及轻链检测。比较血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白及轻链检测结果的差异,以及不同临床特征血清IgG、IgA阳性患者血清IgG和IgA水平。结果血清蛋白电泳M蛋白检出61例,检出率为62.24%;免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白及轻链检测检出率高于血清蛋白电泳,三者联合检出率高于独立检测(P<0.05)。IgG型Ⅲ期患者IgG高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,IgA显著降低(P<0.05);IgA型Ⅲ期患者IgA高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,IgG显著降低(P<0.05);游离轻链型Ⅲ期患者IgG、IgA、IgM均低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者(P<0.05)。结论血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白及轻链检测在MM诊断中均有较好应用价值。

Aim To explore the application of serum protein electrophoresis,immunofixation electrophoresis,immunoglobulin and light chain detection in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma(MM).Methods 98 MM patients were selected,and all patients underwent serum protein electrophoresis,immunofixation electrophoresis,and immunoglobulin and light chain detection tests.The differences in serum protein electrophoresis,immunofixation electrophoresis,immunoglobulin and light chain detection in M protein,as well as the serum IgG and IgA levels in patients with different clinical characteristics who are IgG and IgA positive,were compared.Results Detection by Serum protein electrophoresis test identified 61 cases of M protein,with a detection rate of 62.24%.The detection rate by immunofixation electrophoresis,immunoglobulin and light china detection M protein tests was higher than that of serum protein electrophoresis test,and the combined M protein detection rate of the three was higher than that of single detection(P<0.05).IgG levels in patients with IgG typeⅢwere higher than those in patients with stagesⅠ-Ⅱ,whereas IgA levels were significantly lower(P<0.05).IgA levels in patients with IgA typeⅢwere higher than those in patients with stagesⅠ-Ⅱ,whereas IgG levels were significantly lower.The levels of IgG,IgA,and IgM in stageⅢpatients with free light chain type were lower than those of stageⅠ-Ⅱpatients(P<0.05).Conclusion Serum protein electrophoresis,immunofixation e lectrophoresis,and immunoglobulin and light china detection have good application value in the diagnosis of M protein and are worthy of clinical use.