2016年—2023年岳阳楼区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及干预效果分析

Epidemiological characteristics and intervention effects of mumps in Yueyanglou district from 2016 to 2023

目的分析岳阳市岳阳楼区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及干预效果。方法回顾性选择2016年—2023年岳阳市岳阳楼区流行性腮腺炎发病情况的相关资料,分析流行性腮腺炎流行特征、接种腮腺炎疫苗干预措施及效果。结果2016年—2023年岳阳楼区流行性腮腺炎年均发病率为50.98/10万(4.45/10万~95.25/10万),其中5、6、7月份为流行高峰,2019年最高,之后快速下降,逐年降低,2023年发病率最低。发病人群以群居(学校和托幼机构)、发病年龄以0~9岁儿童为主,年均发病率男性高于女性(P<0.001)。2019年对学生进行应急干预后腮腺炎疫情缓解,呈现低流行态势。结论流行性腮腺炎多发于学龄儿童,接种腮腺炎疫苗可有效预防和控制流行性腮腺炎。学校和托幼机构加强流行性腮腺炎防控管理和干预,建立有效的免疫屏障,是流行性腮腺炎防控的主要对策。

Aim To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and intervention effects of mumps in Yueyanglou district.Methods Retrospective selection of relevant data on the incidence of mumps in Yueyanglou district from 2016 to 2023,analyse the epidemiological characteristics,causes,intervention measures and effects of mumps vaccination.Results From 2016 to 2023,the annual average incidence rate of mumps in Yueyanglou district will be 5098/100000(4.45/100000~95.25/100000),the epidemic peak is in May,June and July,the highest in 2019,and then it drops rapidly year by year,with the lowest incidence rate in 2023.The affected population is mainly in social schools and childcare institutions,and the age of onset is mainly children aged 0-9.The average annual incidence rate in males was higher than that in females(P<0.001).After emergency intervention for students in 2019,the mumps epidemic eased and showed a low prevalence trend.Conclusion Mumps is more common in school-age children,and vaccination against mumps can effectively prevent and control it.Strengthening the prevention and control management and intervention of mumps in schools and childcare institutions,establishing effective immune barriers,is the main strategy for the prevention and control of mumps.