致病性螺旋体黏附素的研究进展

Research progress of pathogenic spirochete adhesins

致病性螺旋体的独特侵入、定植、播散和在宿主体内持续生存能力与其表面黏附素密切相关。螺旋体黏附素主要功能是介导其对宿主细胞外基质成分、细胞表面受体、宿主血清和细胞外液成分的黏附。螺旋体黏附素在免疫中的重要作用包括诱导保护性免疫、激活炎症反应,以及通过抗原变异和补体抵抗,导致螺旋体免疫逃逸和形成持久性感染。本文综述了梅毒螺旋体、问号钩端螺旋体和伯氏疏螺旋体的主要黏附素在致病和免疫中作用的研究进展,为深入了解螺旋体的致病机制和设计新型螺旋体疫苗提供依据。

The unique extraordinary abilities to invade,colonize,disseminate,and persist in the hosts of pathogenic spirochetes are closely related with their surface adhesins.The main function of spirochetal adhesin is to mediate its attachment to host extracellular matrix components,cell surface receptors,host serum and extracellular fluid components.In addition,important roles of spirochetal adherins in immunity include inducing protective immunity,activating inflammatory responses,and leading to immune escape and persistent infection through antigenic variation and resistance to complement.In this paper,we review the research progress of the main adhesins of Treponema pallidum,Leptospira interrogans and Borrelia burgdorferi in pathogenicity and immunity,which will facilitate a deeper insight into the spirochetal pathogenesis and the design of novel anti-spirochete vaccines.