马克思“自由人联合体”思想的哲学意蕴研究

A study of the philosophical implications of Marx’s thought of the“Community of Free Individuals”

马克思“自由人联合体”思想是为了解决个人、群体和社会的关系问题,最终目的是实现全人类解放。在政治哲学视域中,马克思通过对黑格尔法哲学的批判,关注到市民社会和政治国家的分离,开启了对未来社会的思考。在经济哲学视域中,马克思通过对古典政治经济学的研究,以资本主义社会批判为中介,深化了对这一问题域的现实理解。在哲学人类学视域中,马克思通过对费尔巴哈和施蒂纳的批判,使这一问题的价值旨归重新回到人本身,彰显了对人类解放这一问题的人学关怀。厘清马克思“自由人联合体”思想的哲学意蕴,对更好地理解马克思的共同体思想具有积极意义。

The idea of Marx’s“Community of Free Individuals”is aimed at solving the problem of the relationship among individuals,groups and society,with the ultimate goal of achieving the liberation of all humanity.In the perspective of political philosophy,Marx,through criticizing Hegel’s philosophy of law,paid attention to the separation of civil society and political state,and began to contemplate the future society.In the perspective of economic philosophy,Marx deepened his understanding of the reality of this problem domain through the study of classical political economy and the critique of capitalist society as a medium.In the perspective of philosophical anthropology,Marx,through his criticism of Feuerbach and Steiner,brought the value and essence of this issue back to humanity itself,demonstrating his humanistic concern for the issue of human liberation.Clarifying the philosophical implications of Marx’s concept of the“Community of Free Individuals”is of positive significance for a better understanding of Marx’s concept of community.