治乱之间:藩镇权力构造视角下的唐代宣武镇研究

Between the rebellion:A study of Xuanwu Town in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of the power structure of military governors

宣武镇是晚唐军乱的高发区。与魏博、昭义等军乱同样频发的藩镇相比,宣武镇的军乱特点较为突出,有军乱集中发生的时间段早、军乱的原因多为军将谋取节帅之位等特点。宣武镇军乱之所以呈现出这些特点,主要与宣武镇内部的权力构造以及不同时段朝藩关系的变化有关。宣武节帅刘玄佐在任期间塑造了一个以其为核心的军将集团,使宣武的权力构造呈现出“权在将领”的特点。在此权力构造下,宣武镇的军将不仅对兵士拥有较强的控制力,甚至还有机会借此上升为节帅。但随着元和以来朝廷权威的重振,宣武镇内军将借助军乱成为本镇节帅的可能不复存在,军将阶层失去了作乱动机,军乱也因此销声匿迹。

Xuanwu town was the high incidence of military disorder in the late Tang Dynasty.Compared with the clan towns of Weibo and Zhaoyi,where military disorder was also frequent,Xuanwu’s military disorder was more prominent,with the time of military disorder occurring early,and the reasons for military disorder were mostly the military generals seeking the position of marshal,and so on.The reason why the military disorder in Xuanwu Town showed these characteristics was mainly related to the power structure within Xuanwu Town and the changes in the relationship between the dynasty and the clan in different periods of time.During his tenure,Liu Xuanzuo,the commander-in-chief of Xuanwu,shaped a group of generals with him as the core,which made the power structure of Xuanwu show the characteristic of“power lies in the generals”.Under this power structure,the generals of Xuanwu not only had strong control over their soldiers,but also had the opportunity to rise to the rank of section marshal.However,with the revitalization of the court’s authority since the Yuanhe Period,the possibility of the generals in Xuanwu Township to become section commanders of the township by means of the military rebellion no longer existed,and the generals lost their motivation to rebel,so the military rebellion disappeared.