浙江与粤苏科技创新能力的比较及提升对策

Research on Comparison and Improvement Countermeasures of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability Between Zhejiang,Guangdong,and Jiangsu Provinces

近年来浙江与广东、江苏同处于中国科技创新领域的领先位置,但与粤苏两省相比,浙江科技创新整体水平仍存在一定差距。借鉴目前主流的科技创新能力评价体系构建方式,基于投入产出视角,并关注科技创新平台的作用,利用2018至2022年国家和浙粤苏有关统计年鉴,从科技投入强度、科技创新平台实力、科技成果转化3个方面进行比较,分析浙江科技创新的相对弱势和制约因素。结果表明:浙江的科技研发投入水平总体不高,对基础研究重视不够,高层次、领军型科技人才总量少,人才引进培养的效益尚未突显,同时科技创新人才分布结构不均衡,企业和基层创新人才少;科研机构特别是企业研发机构总体实力偏弱,重大创新平台和载体还比较缺乏,高新技术产业开发区建设速度偏慢,总体技术供给能力偏弱;高技术产业营业收入和利润总额仍然不高,专利申请和授权数以及每万人发明专利拥有量偏少,新产品销售收入和外向度偏低,科技创新资源整合还不够,创新体系整体效能还不高。建议浙江从打造人才集聚地、原创性成果策源地、引领性企业成长地、开放型创新协作地等方面采取有效措施,加快提升区域科技创新能力,赋能区域经济社会高质量发展。

In recent years,Zhejiang has been in the leading position in China's scientific and technological innovation with Guangdong and Jiangsu,but compared with Guangdong and Jiangsu,there is still a certain gap in the overall level of scientific and technological innovation in Zhejiang.Drawing on the current mainstream way of constructing the evaluation system of scientific and technological innovation capacity,based on the input-output perspective and focusing on the role of scientific and technological innovation platforms,this paper analyzes the relative weaknesses and constraints of Zhejiang's scientific and technological innovation by comparing the three aspects of scientific and technological investment intensity,strength of scientific and technological innovation platforms,and scientific and technological achievements transformation by using the relevant statistical yearbooks of China and Zhejiang,Guangdong,and Jiangsu from 2018 to 2022.The results show that,the overall level of investment in scientific and technological research and development in Zhejiang is not high,insufficient attention has been paid to basic research,the total number of high-level and leading scientific and technological talents is small,and the benefits of the introduction and training of talents have still not been significantly demonstrated,meanwhile,the distribution structure of scientific and technological innovation talents is not balanced,and there are fewer innovative talents in the enterprises and at the grassroots level.The overall strength of scientific research institutions,especially enterprise R&D institutions,is weak,there is still a lack of major innovation platforms and carriers,and the construction of high-tech industrial development zones is slow,the overall technology supply capacity is weak.Besides,the operating income and total profit of high-tech industries are still not high,the number of patent applications and authorizations,as well as the number of invention patents per 10000 people are on the low side,the sales income of new products and the degree of exportation are on the low side,the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources is not enough,and the overall effectiveness of the innovation system is still not high.It is recommended that Zhejiang takes effective measures to accelerate the enhancement of regional scientific and technological innovation capacity,and empower the regional economic and social development with high quality by creating a place for talents to gather,a place for original achievements to originate,a place for leading enterprises to grow,and a place for open innovation to collaborate.