数字化背景下平台型企业跨界颠覆性创新影响因素的组态分析

Configuration Analysis of Factors Influencing Cross-Border Disruptive Innovation of Platform-Based Enterprises Under the Background of Digitalization

数字经济的发展催生平台型企业,为中国产业技术创新的“越轨超越”提供了新的契机,但目前对平台型企业在数字化背景下的跨界颠覆性创新机制和影响因素等均缺乏关注和深入研究。鉴于此,采用组态视角探讨影响平台型企业进行跨界颠覆性创新的关键因素以及各因素之间的组合对颠覆性创新成败的影响路径。首先从技术管理视角给出平台型企业的定义,即基于信息技术构建公共技术架构或模块系统,通过连接不同参与者以及整合各种资源,提供丰富的产品和服务,实现多方参与、互惠共生的商业模式;然后,以产品平台企业为对象,根据上述定义选定32家中国上市企业,通过收集2017—2021年的企业公开信息、年度报告以及专利信息作为原始数据,采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)跨界知识搜寻能力是平台型企业实现高跨界颠覆性创新数量和质量的必要条件;(2)政府补助强度对平台型企业的跨界颠覆性创新数量和质量影响较小;(3)高跨界知识搜寻能力和高合作广度是影响平台型企业跨界颠覆性创新质量的核心条件,而数字化程度对平台型企业的跨界颠覆性创新数量有影响,但对跨界颠覆性创新的质量影响不大;(4)数字化有助于企业发现更多跨界颠覆性创新机会,但要提高跨界颠覆性创新的质量仍需要加强跨界知识搜寻能力以及企业间的广泛合作。

The development of the digital economy has fostered the emergence of platform-based enterprises,offering new opportunities for"leapfrogging"technological innovation in China's industries.However,there is a current lack of attention and in-depth research on the mechanisms and influencing factors of cross-border disruptive innovation by platform-based enterprises in the context of digitalization.In light of this,a configurative perspective is used to explore the key factors affecting cross-border disruptive innovation by platform-based enterprises and the impact paths of the combinations of these factors on the success or failure of disruptive innovation.The definition of platformbased enterprises is first provided from a technology management perspective,which is to build a public technology architecture or modular system based on information technology,connect different participants,integrate various resources,provide a variety of products and services,and achieve a business model of multi-party participation and mutual benefit.Subsequently,32 Chinese listed companies are selected as the research subjects based on the above definition,and public information,annual reports,and patent information from 2017 to 2021 are collected as raw data.A fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA)method is used for empirical research.The results indicate:(1)The ability to search for cross-border knowledge is a necessary condition for platform-based enterprises to achieve a high number and quality of cross-border disruptive innovations.(2)The intensity of government subsidies has a relatively minor impact on the number and quality of cross-border disruptive innovations by platform-based enterprises.(3)High cross-border knowledge search ability and broad cooperation are core conditions affecting the quality of cross-border disruptive innovation by platform-based enterprises,while the level of digitization affects the number of cross-border disruptive innovations by platform-based enterprises but has a limited impact on the quality.(4)Digitization helps enterprises discover more opportunities for cross-border disruptive innovation,but improving the quality of cross-border disruptive innovation still requires enhancing the ability to search for cross-border knowledge and extensive cooperation between enterprises.