马克思精神生产理论的双重批判及其逻辑构建

Double Criticism and Logical Construction of Marx's Theory of Spiritual Production

资产阶级政治经济学家关于“生产性劳动”和“非生产性劳动”的划分,触及了资本主义劳资关系的本质,但混淆了劳动的社会形式与物质规定,因而未能发现“非生产性劳动”中精神生产的独特规律。以康德的先验主体和黑格尔的绝对主体为代表的德国主体哲学,讨论了精神主体自我生成的动力机制,为马克思有关人的主体能动性理论提供了思想来源。在批判继承前人成果基础上,马克思从“现实的人”出发,以生产劳动的社会历史性为逻辑起点,辩证分析精神生产与物质生产之关系,通过对“生产主义”劳动的批判和对自由劳动的揭示,指明了精神生产的最终目的是促进人的自由全面发展,构建了科学的精神生产理论。马克思关于精神生产的研究,对以“促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展”为价值目标的中国式现代化,具有世界观和方法论上的指导意义。

The division of “productive labor” and “unproductive labor” by bourgeois political economists touches on the essence of capitalist labor-capital relations,but confuses the social form and material provisions of labor,thus failing to discover the unique laws of spiritual production in “unproductive labor”.German subject philosophy,represented by Kant's transcendental subject and Hegel's absolute subject,discussed the dynamic mechanism of spiritual subject's self-generation,which provided the ideological source for Marx's theory of subjective initiative.On the basis of criticizing and inheriting the achievements of previous scholars,Marx started from “realistic man” and took the social historicity of productive labor as the logical starting point,dialectically analyzed the relationship between spiritual production and material production.Through criticizing “productivism” labor and revealing free labor,Marx pointed out that the ultimate goal of spiritual production is to promote the free and all-round development of human beings and constructed a scientific theory of spiritual production.Marx's research on spiritual production has guiding significance in world view and methodology for Chinese modernization with the value goal of “promoting the all-round enrichment of things and the all-round development of people”.