套种不同绿肥作物对玉米产量及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Intercropping Different Green Manure Crops on Maize Yield and Soil Nutrients

为筛选出适宜在黑龙江省种植的玉米套种效果好的绿肥资源,于2023年在黑龙江省海伦市,选用红小豆(Vigna angularis)、豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)、大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth.)和油用萝卜(Raphanus sativus var.raphanistroides)6种绿肥与玉米进行套种,探明套种模式下土壤当季速效养分及地上部生物产量变化情况。结果表明,种植绿肥作物可促进后茬作物玉米的生长,并对土壤养分有明显的改善作用,不同绿肥作物套种玉米对玉米产量、经济效益及土壤养分的影响均有差异。毛叶苕子套种玉米处理为最优组合,其地上鲜重为37234.57 kg·hm^(-2),地上干重为5219.85 kg·hm^(-2),玉米籽粒产量为10461.54 kg·hm^(-2),较对照增产3.03%,经济效益为10424.00元·hm^(-2),较对照增收0.70%;豌豆套种玉米处理对土壤(0~20 cm)质量改善最明显,其有机质、全氮、全钾、pH、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾分别为58.60 g·kg^(-1)、0.25%、2.55%、6.42、223.30 mg·kg^(-1)、45.00 mg·kg^(-1)和251.00 mg·kg^(-1),较对照分别增加11%、9%、2%、3%、1%、78%和15%。

In order to screen suitable green manure crops for planting in Heilongjiang Province that have good intercropping effects with maize,this experiment selected six types of manure crops,including red adzuki beans,peas,soybeans,common vetch,villose vetch,and oil radish,to intercrop with maize in Hailun City,Heilongjiang Province in 2023,investigated the changes in soil available nutrients and aboveground biomass yield under intercropping mode.The results showed that planting green manure can promote the growth of subsequent crop maize and had a significant improvement effect on soil nutrients.The effects of intercropping maize with different green manure on maize yield and soil nutrients vary.The optimal combination of intercropping villose vetch with maize was found to have a fresh aboveground weight of 37234.57 kg·ha^(-1),a dry aboveground weight of 5219.8 kg·ha^(-1),and a maize grain yield of 10461.54 kg·ha^(-1),an increase of 3.03%compared to the control;The economic benefit was 10424.00 yuan·ha^(-1),an increase of 0.70%in income compared to the control group;The intercropping of peas and maize significantly improved soil quality(0-20 cm),with organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,pH,hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium at 58.60 g·kg^(-1),0.25%,2.55%,6.42,223.30 mg·kg^(-1),45.00 mg·kg^(-1) and 251.00 mg·kg^(-1) respectively,increased by 11%,9%,2%,3%,1%,78%and 15%compared to the control group.