“破b”类词语的历时演变探究——以“破”为例

Research on the Diachronic Evolution of"Po b"Words-A Case Study of"Po"

根据古汉语词汇同一性原则,再论“破”类词语内部同一性的二分现象。“破”是“破b”类词语家族中的典型成员,句法方面,古汉语“破”的结构句式主要有SVO(主动宾)、SV(非被动主谓式)、SV(被动主谓式)、V1V2(O)(连动式)、VC(O)(动结式)、VO(偏正式)六种,“破”总体呈明显的自动化发展趋势。语义特征方面,由于饰语“破”相对占比的增多、使动式的衰落、动结式的产生等多种原因,“破”的[+性状性]语义特征凸显趋势明显,而[+动作性]语义特征则在逐代减弱。

According to the principle of the identity of ancient Chinese words,this paper discusses the dichotomy of the internal identity of"Po"words("破"类词语)."Po"(破)is a typical member of the word family of"Po b".In terms of syntax,the structural sentence patterns of"Po"in ancient Chinese mainly include SVO,SV(non-passive),SV(passive),V1V2(O)(serial verb construction),VC(O)(verb-resultative construction)and VO(attributive structure)."Po"generally presents a trend of automation.In terms of semantic features,due to the increase of the relative proportion of the ornament"Po"and the decline of the resultative V Po construction,the[+trait]semantic feature of"Po"has an obvious trend of prominence,while the[+action]semantic feature has gradually weakened,and the[+causative]semantic feature has also been transferred.