基于先导发展模型的船舶直击雷防护分析方法

Analysis method for direct lightning protection of ships based on the leader progression model

大型船舶平台搭载的精密仪器和探测装置相对其他设备高度较高,有尖端突起且抗干扰性较差,是海面上明显的突出物,雷电防护成为现代船舶重要的研究内容。本文提出一种基于海洋复杂环境改进Wiesmann-Zeller(WZ)模型概率发展函数的船舶雷电防护分析方法,建立了海面雷电先导发展模型,以大型远洋调查船为对象,研究其雷击点的概率分布,并结合船舶特点进行了多避雷针的分析计算。基于本文提出的模型,通过Matlab软件模拟雷击船舶过程,揭示了防护范围、效果与避雷针位置、数量高度之间的关系,对比分析了不同避雷针数量和避雷针高度下的雷击概率和防护效果,验证了三针不等高为最优方案,能够指导和完善实际工程实践,保证船舶雷电防护效果的充分发挥。

The height of precision instruments and detection devices is higher than other equipment on large ships,and they have protruding tips and poor antiinterference performance.Thus,lightning protection for modern ships has become an important research topic.This study proposes the lightning protection analysis method for ships based on a probability function developed using the improved Wiesmann-Zeller model,considering complex marine environments.The proposed method establishes the sea surface lightning pilot development model.Taking a large ocean-going survey ship as the object,the proposed method is used to analyze the probability distribution of lightning strike attachment points and multiple lightning rods based on the characteristics of the ship.Based on the proposed model,the process of lightning strikes against ships was simulated by Matlab.The relationships between protection range,effectiveness,position,quantity,and height of lightning rods were revealed.The lightning strike probability and protection effects under different numbers and heights of lightning rods were compared and analyzed,verifying that the three-needle unequal height is the best solution,which can guide and improve actual engineering practice and ensure that ships are protected from lightning.