论《诗经》作者所属地域与《方言》之关系——以戴震《方言疏证》为考察之重心

On the Relationship between the Region of the Author of The Book of Songs and The Dialects:Taking Dai Zhens Fangyan Shuzheng as the focus of investigation

《诗》三百零五篇,不成于一时一地一人。《风》按地区划分,包括周南、召南、风、风、卫风、王风、郑风、风、齐风、魏风、唐风、秦风、风、陈风和曹风,合共一百六十篇,又称“十五国风”。《国风》带有浓烈的地方色彩,故有民歌、民谣之说,学者虽不尽赞同,然而《国风》带有地方特色的一点,实可深入讨论。西汉末年,扬雄撰有《方言》,其全名为《輶轩使者绝代语释别国方言》。輶轩使者辗转各地,收集不同地方相异的语言。清代戴震《方言疏证》以逐条疏证的方式,勾勒经典文献解释与《方言》相合者,作为佐证。其中《方言》条目有与《诗经》释义相近者,或可视为原本《方言》收集词汇的依据。论文以《方言》所载与《国风》释义相比较,辅之以戴震《方言疏证》和钱绎《方言笺疏》,以见《方言》释义之出处。其次,比较《国风》与《方言》字词之载录,讨论诗文的地方色彩。

The three hundred and five poems were not created in one region at one time.The 160 songs in Guo Feng are divided by 15 regions,with strong regional colors,so they are considered as folk songs.Although scholars may not all agree on this,the regional characteristics of Guo Feng can still be discussed in depth.At the end of the Western Han Dynasty,Yang Xiong wrote The Dialects,collected the different languages and dialects in many different regions recorded by the royal ambassadors who travel from place to place.In the Qing Dynasty,Dai Zhen's Fangyan Shuzheng outlines the coincidence between classical interpretation and The Dialects.Some of the articles in The Dialects have similar definitions and explanation with that in The Book of Songs,which may be regarded as the basis for the collection of vocabulary in The Dialects.This article compares the interpretation of The Dialect with that of Guo Feng,supplemented by Dai Zhens Fangyan Shuzheng and Qian Yis Fangyan Jianshu,to investigate the source of the interpretation of The Dialects.It also compares the record of the words and phrases in Guo Feng and The Dialects,discussing the regional colors of the poems.