教育赋“权”与男权重构——从“女师大风潮”中的杨荫榆看近代妇女解放的困局

Educational Empowerment and the Reconstruction of Patriarchy:Reflecting on the Dilemma for Women's Liberation in Modern Times on a basis of the study of Yang Yinyu in the“Agitation in Women's Normal University”

1925年女师大风潮事件中的杨荫榆经历了从中国近现代妇女解放运动的楷模,转变为“依附军阀势力、迫害进步学生、镇压革命力量”的“封建余孽”和“帝国走狗”的命运,其中“悲剧”既有性格因素,更是社会变革中的必然结果,其经历勾连着后五四时期中国社会政治文化和权力结构的嬉变与重建。梳理杨荫榆执掌女高师/女师大的历史,以及“女师大风潮”的缘起、经过和结局,以重返历史的方式分析杨荫榆在风潮前后种种行事决断的处境和动因,将发露教育平权背景下“女子长女校”背后的权力机制与权力纠葛,并经由杨荫榆这位被教育与知识赋权的女性的生命境遇揭示近代女性解放所面临的的结构性困局。

In 1925,Yang Yinyu changed from a model of women's liberation movement in mod-ern China to a“feudal remnant”and“imperial running dog”who“depended on warlord forces,persecuted progressive students,and suppressed revolutionary forces”.This“tragedy”not only has her character factors,but also is the inevitable result of social reform.Her experience is connected with the evolution and reconstruction of Chinese social political culture and power structure in the post-May Fourth period.This paper combs the history of Yang Yinyu's leadership of Women's Higher Normal School/Women's Normal University,as well as the origin,process and outcome of her presidency of the school,analyzes the situation and motivation of Yang Yinyus various decisions before and after the“students'agitation”in a way of restoring to historical reality,and reveals the power mechanism and power entanglements behind the“women run girls'schools”under the back-ground of educational equality.And through the life situation of Yang Yinyu,a woman empowered by education and knowledge,it reveals the structural dilemma faced by modern womens liberation.