肿瘤源性外泌体在肺癌微环境中的免疫编辑作用研究进展

Research progress on immunoediting role of tumor-derived exosomes in the microenvironment of lung cancer

外泌体是一种由免疫细胞、干细胞和肿瘤细胞等多种细胞分泌的纳米级颗粒,富含多种生物活性物质并携带肿瘤信息,介导细胞间物质和信息传递,参与调控多种病生理过程并参与肿瘤微环境重塑。不同肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体具有亲本细胞特异性,其内含有各种参与调节免疫的正向及负向因子,几乎能够与所有类型免疫细胞相互作用。癌症免疫编辑是免疫系统调控肿瘤发展的过程,包括消除、平衡和逃逸3个阶段。肿瘤源性外泌体(tumor-derivedexosomes,TEXs)既可以促进抗肿瘤免疫,也可以抑制免疫细胞的抗肿瘤活性:免疫消除阶段,TEXs通过携带的大量肿瘤抗原等信息,促进免疫细胞成熟发育并触发抗肿瘤免疫应答;免疫平衡阶段,TEXs参与肿瘤抵抗,使得其与适应性免疫处于动态平衡;免疫抑制阶段,TEXs通过扮演肿瘤的有效载体将生物活性物质从肿瘤部位播散至远处,参与免疫细胞介导的免疫逃逸。本文就TEXs在调节肺癌免疫微环境中的免疫编辑作用做一综述,为抗肿瘤治疗提供新思路。

Exosomes are nanoscale particles secreted by various cells,including immune,stem,and tumor cells.They are enriched with bioactive substances that transport tumor information,mediate intercellular communication,and regulate multiple physiological processes and tumor microenvironment(TME)remodeling.Exosomes secreted by different tumor cell types exhibit cell-specific characteristics,contain various factors involved in immune regulation,and can interact with all types of immune cells.Cancer immunoediting is a process in which the immune system can both constrain and promote tumor development,involving three phases:elimination,equilibrium,and escape.Tumor-derived exosomes play diverse roles during these stages,both promoting anti-tumor immunity and inhibiting the anti-tumor activity of immune cells.Collectively,understanding the immunoediting role of exhausted T cells(TEXs)in regulating the immune microenvironment in lung cancer provides novel insights into antitumor therapy.