甘肃省医疗卫生资源配置现状与公平性研究

Research on the current situation and equity of medical and health resource allocation in Gansu Province

[目的]通过对甘肃省卫生资源数量和分布的分析,为卫生资源合理配置提供参考。[方法]运用数量研究法描述卫生资源数量,运用基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线分析卫生资源配置公平性,运用空间相关性分析相邻区位的相近程度和强影响点位置。[结果]2022年甘肃省的医疗卫生机构数、床位数、卫生专业技术人员数、医师数和护士数比2020年有明显增长;机构数、实有床位数、卫生专业技术人员数、执业(助理)医师数和护士数按人口分布较公平,按面积、地区GDP分布较不公平;机构数、实有床位数、卫生专业技术人员数、医师数和护士数均呈正相关,其中机构“高-高”集聚区分布以河东地区为主,床位数、卫生专业技术人员数、医师数和护士数分布于兰州市及周边地区,“低-低”集聚区分布于甘南州和酒泉市西北方向部分地区。[结论]甘肃省医疗卫生资源配置公平性待提升,按人口分布公平性优于按面积和GDP分布,分布均衡性待优化。

Objective This paper analyzes the quantity and distribution of health resources in Gansu Province to provide the reference for rational allocation of health resources.Methods The quantitative research was used to describe the quantity of health resources.Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve were used to analyze the equity of health resource allocation.Spatial correlation was used to analyze the proximity degree of adjacent locations and the positions of strong influence points.Results The number of medical and health institutions,beds,healthcare professionals,physicians and nurses in 2022 in Gansu Province increased significantly compared with that in 2020.The number of institutions,actual number of beds,the number of healthcare professionals,practicing(assistant)physicians and nurses were equitable by population distribution,but inequitable by area distribution and gross regional product distribution.The number of institutions,actual number of beds,the number of healthcare professionals,physicians and nurses were positively correlated.Among them,the“high-high”agglomeration areas of institutions were mainly distributed in the east of the Yellow River,while the number of beds,healthcare professionals,physicians and nurses were distributed in Lanzhou and surrounding areas.The“low-low”agglomeration areas were distributed in Gannan prefecture and some areas of northwest of Jiuquan city.Conclusions The equity of medical and health resource allocation in Gansu Province needs to be improved.The equity of distribution by population is better than the distribution by area and GDP,and the distribution balance needs to be optimized.