通过血液动力学表型指导降压治疗方案的可行性探讨

Feasibility Study on Guiding Antihypertensive Treatment Based on Hemodynamic Phenotypes

目的:探讨通过血液动力学表型指导降压治疗方案的可行性。方法:前瞻性纳入2021年1月至2021年12月在北京市海淀医院门诊就诊的高血压患者100例。采用诊室和家庭血压测量进行血压评价,并进行阻抗心动图(ICG)检测,经过特有的智能高血压分型系统将患者分为四种血液动力学表型,包括高动力型(心率升高)使用β受体阻滞剂、大血管高阻力型(大动脉阻力指数升高)使用钙拮抗剂、外周血管阻力升高型(外周血管阻力指数升高)使用肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和高容量型(血容量饱和度升高)使用利尿剂。将患者随机分为ICG组(n=50,依据ICG测定的血液动力学表型,针对血压升高的不同机制选药治疗)和对照组(n=50,依据高血压防治指南及临床经验进行治疗)。随访8周,比较两组患者的血压降幅和达标率。结果:两组间基线资料如性别、年龄、身高、体重、血液动力学参数差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。两组基线用药的种类差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),调整后用药种类增加,但两组间差异仍无统计学意义(P>0.05)。诊室血压:研究结束后ICG组收缩压和舒张压较基线的降幅分别比对照组增大(8.38±27.78)mmHg(P<0.05,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)和(3.94±18.15)mmHg(P>0.05);ICG组的血压达标率(<140/90 mmHg)高于对照组(66.0%vs.42.0%,P<0.05)。家庭血压:研究结束后ICG组收缩压和舒张压较基线的降幅分别比对照组增大(8.22±21.31)mmHg(P<0.01)和(4.76±13.88)mmHg(P<0.05);ICG组的血压达标率(<135/85 mmHg)高于对照组(70.0%vs.48.0%,P<0.05)。两组不同降压药物使用前后相应血液动力学参数的变化:与对照组比,ICG组心率、大动脉阻力指数降幅差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究结束后,ICG组心率、大动脉阻力指数、外周血管阻力指数、血容量饱和度较基线均明显下降(P均<0.05);对照组外周血管阻力指数较基线有明显下降(P<0.05),心率、大动脉阻力指数和血容量饱和度较基线差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论:通过ICG判断血液动力学表型,针对血压升高的不同机制,精准指导降压药物的选择,可以更有效地降低血压,提高血压达标率。

Objectives:To explore the feasibility of using hemodynamic phenotypes to guide antihypertensive treatment medication.Methods:This study prospectively included 100 hypertensive patients who received outpatient treatment at Haidian Hospital in Beijing from January 2021 to December 2021.Evaluation of blood pressure was conducted using laboratory and home blood pressure measurements,impedance cardiogram(ICG)detection was performed.Following hemodynamic phenotypes and therapeutic phenotypes were established:hyperkinetic phenotype(increased heart rate)usingβ-blockers,large artery phenotype(increased large artery resistance index)using calcium antagonists,peripheral vascular phenotype(increased peripheral vascular resistance index)using renin angiotensin system inhibitors,and high-volume phenotype(increased blood volume saturation)using diuretics.Patients were randomly divided into ICG group(n=50,medication treatment based on hemodynamic characteristics)and control group(n=50,treatment based on hypertension guidelines and clinical experience).Patients were followed up for 8 weeks and the blood pressure reduction amplitude and compliance rate were compare between the two groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data such as sex,age,height,weight,and hemodynamic parameters between the two groups(all P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the types of baseline medication between the two groups(P>0.05).After medication adjustment,the types of medication increased,but the difference between the two groups was still not statistically significant(P>0.05).Clinic blood pressure:After 8 weeks,decreases in systolic([8.38±27.78]mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)and diastolic([3.94±18.15]mmHg)blood pressure were greater in the ICG group as compared to the control group(both P<0.05).The blood pressure compliance rate(<140/90 mmHg)was higher in the ICG group than that in the control group(66.0%vs.42.0%,P<0.05).Family blood pressure:after 8 weeks,the reduction in systolic([8.22±21.31]mmHg,P<0.01)and diastolic([4.76±13.88]mmHg,P<0.05)blood pressure was greater in the ICG group compared to the control group.The blood pressure compliance rate(<135/85 mmHg)was higher in the ICG group than that in the control group(70.0%vs.48.0%,P<0.05).Changes in corresponding hemodynamic parameters before and after two different antihypertensive drugs:the heart rate,arterial resistance index,peripheral vascular resistance index,and blood volume saturation of the ICG group all significantly decreased compared to baseline(all P<0.05).The control group showed a significant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance index compared to baseline(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in heart rate,large artery resistance index,and blood volume saturation compared to baseline(all P>0.05).Conclusions:By using impedance cardiogram to assess hemodynamic phenotypes and accurately guide the selection of antihypertensive drugs based on hemodynamic phenotypes,it is possible to more effectively lower blood pressure and improve blood pressure compliance.