中枢神经系统边界相关巨噬细胞在大脑稳态和脑疾病中作用的研究进展

Current progress on the role of central nervous system boarder-associated macrophages in brain homeostasis and diseases

随着中枢神经系统“免疫豁免”的观点被打破,越来越多的研究聚焦于免疫调节在中枢神经系统疾病中的重要作用。其中,中枢神经系统边界相关巨噬细胞(BAMs)在大脑稳态和脑疾病调节中的作用日益凸显。与长期定植在脑实质内的小胶质细胞不同,BAMs是特化的巨噬细胞群,包括硬脑膜、蛛网膜、软脑膜、血管周围间隙和脉络膜丛的巨噬细胞,它们发挥着免疫监测、脑脊液引流、抗原清除和物质交换等重要功能。我们拟对BAMs的起源、功能及其在大脑稳态和脑疾病中的作用进行综述,以丰富对BAMs维持大脑稳态机制的理解,并为阿尔茨海默病等中枢神经系统疾病的治疗提供新思路。

An increasing number of studies have been focused on the field of immune system in the central nervous system(CNS),as the viewpoint of CNS immune privilege being challenged.Among them,CNS boarder-associated macrophages(BAMs)play a prominent role in the regulation of brain homeostasis and related diseases.Unlike microglia located in the brain parenchyma,BAMs are a type of specialized macrophages located in the meninges(including dura,arachnoid,and leptomeninges),perivascular spaces,and choroid plexus.They are crucial for immune surveillance,cerebrospinal fluid drainage,antigen clearance,material exchange,and etc.Here,we reviewed a series of relevant studies on the origin and roles of BAMs in CNS,so as to broaden the understanding of the mechanisms of by which BAMs maintain the brain homeostasis,as well as provide novel insights into the treatment of CNS diseases including Alzheimer’s disease.