附子药理作用机制及减毒增效技术的研究进展

Research progress on pharmacological mechanism and attenuation and synergism of Aconite

附子具有回阳救逆、补火助阳、温经散寒等功效,但对心脏、肝脏等多系统具有毒性作用,如何在保证疗效的同时降低毒性值得探究。目前,对附子的药理研究主要集中在其强心、保护血管、抗肿瘤、抗炎镇痛及保护神经系统等方面,并在不断挖掘新的方向,如调节免疫及改善糖尿病等。作用机制主要为通过多成分、多靶点、多途径地调控相关信号通路、离子通道等,在生物体内发生细胞水平、组织水平和系统水平的改善。对附子的减毒增效的研究主要是在炮制方法的革新和药物配伍的作用机制等方面。随着科技发展,无胆炮制、微生物发酵技术等逐渐推广应用,不仅能在降低附子毒性的同时维持甚至提升附子的药理作用,还研发出某些疾病的专属性炮制品,对附子的毒理及配伍后药物成分研究也有了长足发展。本文对附子近年来的药理作用及减毒增效的研究进展进行综述,并总结阐述了现有研究的不足之处,以期更好地利用附子资源。

Aconite has the functions of reviving Yang and saving inverse,nourishing fire and helping Yang,warming meridians and dispersing cold,etc.,but it has toxic effects on heart,liver and other systems.How to reduce toxicity while ensuring curative effect need to be further studied.At present,the pharmacological research of aconite mainly focuses on the functions of heart strengthening,blood vessel protection,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,analgesic and nervous system protection,the new directions is constantly explored,such as regulating immunity and improving diabetes.The main mechanism is to improve the cellular level,tissue level and system level in vivo by regulating related signal pathways and ion channels through multi-components,multi-targets and multi-ways.The research of attenuating toxicity and enhancing effect of aconite mainly focuses on the innovation of processing methods and the mechanism of drug compatibility.With the development of science and technology,gall free processing and microbial fermentation technology have been gradually popularized and applied,which can not only maintain or even enhance the pharmacological effects of aconite while reducing its toxicity,but also develop specific products for certain diseases,and research on the toxicology and compatibility of aconite has also made great progress.In order to make better use of the resources of aconite,this paper reviewed the research progress on its pharmacological action and attenuated toxicity.