宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种(系)抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析

Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Lodging Resistance Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties(Lines)in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

【目的】小麦常规育种实质是对杂种F1性状杂种优势连续多代选择和保持的过程,探究宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种(系)间抗倒伏相关性状的杂种优势、配合力,明确与小麦抗倒伏性状显著相关的农艺性状指标,为宁夏春小麦抗倒伏性状的杂种优势利用及其后代筛选与保持提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以14份宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种(系)为亲本,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配制45个杂交组合,分析亲本及其杂交种F1株高、秆型指数等13个抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势、配合力及其相关性。【结果】不同品种(系)间抗倒伏性存在显著差异,杂种F1代抗倒伏相关性状存在一定的杂种优势。NZ42、M6445和M8887主茎抗推力的一般配合力较高,分别为11.68、8.00和10.67,且其他性状的一般配合力也表现较为优异。主茎抗推力强优势组合有M6445×M8887、M6445×MJ48、NZ42×N2038、NZ42×M7723、NZ42×NZ39、H3015×宁春50号。与此同时,相关性分析发现株高与第一节间长和第二节重成显著正相关,与第二节间长和第四节间长成极显著正相关。其次,主茎抗推力与主茎鲜重、茎粗、弯曲力矩和秆型指数成极显著正相关,与第四节间长成显著负相关,与第二节重和第二节间充实度相关性不显著。【结论】NZ42、M6445和M8887为本研究的优良亲本,且NZ42×NZ39、M6445×MJ48、M6445×M8887为本研究抗倒伏育种的优良组合。同时,供试材料不同组合倒伏性状间存在杂种优势利用潜力,但超亲优势不突出,且杂交组合的抗倒伏能力既受加性效应影响又受非加性效应影响,其中,受母本遗传背景影响更大。与此同时,第四节间长、弯曲力矩和秆型指数与株高和主茎抗推力相关性较高,可作为抗倒性育种后代选择的重要参考。

【Objective】The essence of conventional wheat breeding involves the continuous multi-generation selection and maintenance of hybrid F1 trait heterosis.Exploring the heterosis and combining ability of lodging-related traits among spring wheat varieties(lines)in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia,and clarifying significantly agronomic indexes related to anti-lodging traits in wheat that can provide a certain theoretical basis for utilizing heterosis in lodging traits of spring wheat,and for the screening and maintenance of its descendants in Ningxia.【Method】This study utilized 14 spring wheat varieties(lines)from Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area as parent materials.According to NCⅡincomplete diallel crossbreeding design,forty-five combinations were produced.Meanwhile,heterosis,combining ability,and correlation analyses were performed on 13 traits related to lodging resistance,such as plant height and culm type index,in their parents and their F1 generation.【Result】Significant differences in lodging resistance trait were observed among different spring wheat varieties(lines).Meanwhile,there is a certain level of heterosis in lodging resistance traits was evident in the F1 generation.The main stem thrust resistance of NZ42,M6445,and M8887 showed high general combining ability(GCA)values of 11.68,8.00,and 10.67 respectively.Significant combinations for main stem thrust resistance included M6445×M8887,M6445×MJ48,NZ42×N2038,NZ42×M7723,NZ42×NZ39,and H3015×Ningchun50.Correlation analysis revealed that plant height was significantly positively correlated with the first internode length and second internode weight,and highly significantly positively correlated with the second and fourth internode lengths.Besides,the main stem thrust resistance was highly significantly positively correlated with fresh weight of the main stem,stem diameter,bending moment and culm type index,but significantly negatively correlated with the fourth internode length.However,it was not significantly correlated with the second internode weight and fullness.【Conclusion】The excellent parent varieties identified were NZ42,M6445,and M8887.Meanwhile,the excellent combinations of NZ42×NZ39,M6445×MJ48,and M6445×M8887 were also observed in this study.In addition,Heterosis was present among most lodging resistance traits in different combinations,but the heterobeltiosis was less pronounced.The resistance to lodging was influenced by both additive and non-additive effects of parental genes,with a greater influence from the maternal genetic background.Furthermore,the plant height and main stem thrust resistance are significantly correlated with the fourth internode length,bending moment,and culm type index,serving as important references for selection of lodging-resistant generations.