中国碳酸盐岩与非碳酸盐岩地区的自然和人文地理特征对比

Comparison of Natural and Human Geographical Features between Carbonate and Non-Carbonate Rock Regions in China

碳酸盐岩与非碳酸盐岩地区的地理环境差异,对资源分布和人类活动有着深远的影响.基于中国裸露型碳酸盐岩分布、多源遥感数据和统计数据,通过密度函数和分级统计,分析中国碳酸盐岩与非碳酸盐岩地区在自然和人文地理要素方面的差异.研究结果表明:①中国裸露型碳酸盐岩面积为139.68万km 2,主要集中于黔、渝、桂、藏、鄂、湘、滇等省级行政单位,其中西南喀斯特地区为碳酸盐岩最大的连片分布区,面积占比37.5%.②在自然地理要素方面,碳酸盐岩地区受亚热带山地气候影响,水热条件良好,年降雨量湿润区(>800 mm)为38.7%,年均气温高值区(15~20℃)为21.9%,归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)较大,高原山地分布广泛,高海拔区(>4000 m)为32.8%;非碳酸盐岩地区土壤条件相对较好,稳定性较高,区域地表河网密度偏大,土壤水力侵蚀指数低值区(0~2)占比53.8%.③在人文地理要素方面,碳酸盐岩地区自古以来“易守难攻”的地势特点吸引人口迁入,农耕文化历史悠久,人口密度和传统村落密度较大;非碳酸盐岩地区由于地理位置优势,经济发展和基础设施建设相对完善,道路密度和夜间灯光指数偏高.该研究详细对比分析了中国碳酸盐岩与非碳酸盐岩地区的自然地理和人文地理特点,并揭示区域存在的挑战和潜力,为可持续发展提供科学支持和决策依据.

The geographical disparity between carbonate and non-carbonate rock regions exerts a profound influence on resource distribution and human activities.This paper utilizes density function analysis,multi-source remote sensing data,and statistical data to examine the disparities in physical and human geographical elements between carbonate and non-carbonate rock regions in China.The findings indicate that:①The total area of exposed carbonate rocks in China is 1,396,800 km 2,primarily concentrated in Guizhou,Chongqing,Guangxi,Xizang,Hubei,Hunan,Yunnan provinces etc.Among them,the southwest karst region represents the largest contiguous distribution area of carbonate rocks accounting for 37.5%.②In terms of physical geographical elements,the carbonate rock regions is influenced by subtropical mountain climate with favorable hydrothermal conditions.The humid areas with an annual rainfall(>800 mm)accounts for 38.7%,the average annual temperature high-value areas(15-20℃)is 21.9%,and the high NDVI index,widely distributed plateau mountains and high altitude areas(>4000 m)account for 32.8%of the region.The non-carbonate rock regions exhibits good soil conditions and higher stability along with a dense surface river network.The low soil hydraulic erosion index(0-2)area is 53.8%.③In terms of human geography elements,the“easy to defend and difficult to attack”terrain of the carbonate region attacted pople to move in,a rich history of agricultural culture,and a high population density accompanied by traditional villages.On the other hand,due to geographic advantages,economic development,and infrastructure construction,the non-carbonate regions exhibit higher road density and night light index.In this paper,the characteristics of physical geography and human geography of carbonate and non-carbonate regions in China are analyzed in detail,and the challenges and potential of the regions are also revealed,so as to provide scientific support and decision-making basis for sustainable development.