人居环境适宜性演变与提升障碍——以陕西省为例

Evolution of Human Habitat Suitability and the Obstacles of Enhancement——A Case Study of Shaanxi Province

人文与自然环境的协调发展是科学提升人居环境适宜性的关键.以陕西省为例,依次运用最小累积阻力(MCR)模型、空间自相关分析和障碍度模型,测算2000年、2010年和2020年人居环境适宜性,分析人文、自然环境适宜性及人居环境综合适宜性的时空演变特征,识别适宜性制约因素.研究结果表明:①2000-2020年,陕西省人居环境适宜性持续改善,尤以陕北地区改善最为明显;②人文与自然环境适宜性的空间相关性变化显著,人居环境综合适宜性的空间自相关程度先大幅降低,后小幅升高;③社会经济快速发展使得人文环境的障碍度不断减小,而自然环境制约愈发明显.依据研究结果,提出“全面统筹,主抓短板;分级治理,以点带面,顺应自然,因地制宜”的人居环境适宜性提升建议.

The harmonious development of the human and natural environments is the key to the scientific enhancement of human habitat suitability.Taking Shaanxi Province as an example,the Minimal Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model,spatial auto-correlation analysis and obstacle degree model were applied in turn to measure the human habitat suitability in 2000,2010 and 2020,to analyse the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and identify the constraint factors.The findings of the study show that:①From 2000 to 2020,the human habitat suitability in Shaanxi Province continued to improve,especially in north Shaanxi,where the improvement was the most obvious.②The spatial correlation between human and natural environment suitability changed significantly,and the spatial auto-correlation of comprehensive suitability decreased sharply at first,and then increased slightly.③Rapid socio-economic development decreased the degree of obstacles of human environment,while the natural environment constraints have become more and more obvious.Based on the results,suggestions for improving the suitability are proposed,including comprehensive coordination,focusing on weaknesses;hierarchical governance,focusing on key areas;and adapting measures to local conditions while conforming to nature.