跨学科视角下北京市健康社会工作者胜任力指标体系的构建:以T医院健康社会工作团队为例

Construction of an Evaluation Index System for Competency of Healthcare Social Workers in Beijing from an Interdisciplinary Perspective:Taking the Healthcare Social Work Team of T Hospital as an Example

背景北京市健康社会工作在政策和实践层面的快速发展,特别是新型冠状病毒感染疫情发生以来,迫切需要一个以胜任力为导向的健康社会工作人才培养和评估指标体系。目的从跨学科合作的角度构建机构层面与地方层面的健康社会工作岗位胜任力指标体系。方法于2022年8—11月,在北京市T医院及其周边社区,通过滚雪球抽样法抽取21名跨学科团队成员进行一对一半结构式访谈,对健康社工团队进行焦点访谈,基于冰山模型制定访谈提纲,运用主题分析法进行资料分析,提取胜任力特征和构建T医院健康社工胜任力指标体系;于2022年11—12月,采用目的抽样法邀请10名实务界专家,运用模糊德尔菲法确定专家共识版的指标体系。结果(1)通过质性研究方法,构建了包括4个一级指标、16个二级指标和97个三级指标的T医院健康社会工作者胜任力指标体系。(2)共计实施2轮模糊德尔菲专家咨询,专家积极系数为100%,采用门槛值S_(1)=8.30和S_(2)=7.00分别形成专家共识版北京市和T医院的健康社会工作者胜任力指标体系。结论本研究初步形成了从社会工作、医学、护理、社区治理等跨学科视角,并经过实务界专家筛选的北京市健康社会工作者胜任力指标体系,包括4个一级指标、14个二级指标和73个三级指标,为健康社会工作者岗位设置、专业培训与督导、继续教育和评价标准提供了基础支撑。

Background The rapid development of healthcare social work in policy and practice in Beijing,especially since the COVID-19 epidemic,urgently calls for a competence-based evaluation system.Objective This study is to develop a competence-based index system for the training and evaluation of professional healthcare social workers at an institutional and regional level from an interdisciplinary perspective.Methods From August to November 2022,a one-to-one half structured interview was conducted with snowball sampling among 21 members of an interdisciplinary healthcare social work team in T hospital and surrounding communities in Beijing,a focus interview was conducted among the healthcare social workers,and the interview outlines were formulated based on the Spencers'Iceberg Model.Subject analysis method was used to analyze the data,extract the themes of competency for construction of evaluation index system of T hospital.From November to December 2022,a total of 10 experts in healthcare social work practice were invited by using purposive sampling method to imolement the Fuzzy Delphi and form the Beijing competency evaluation system of healthcare social workers.Results(1)A evaluation index system for competency of healthcare social workers in T hospital was formed through qualitive method,including 4 first-level indexes,16 second-level indexes and 97 third-level indexes.(2)A total of 2 rounds of Fuzzy Delphi were conducted.The enthusiasm coefficient was 100%.According to S_(1)=8.30 and S_(2)=7.00,a revised index system of T hospital and Beijing were respectively formed.Conclusion This study has constructed an evaluation index system for competency of healthcare social workers in Beijing,which covers 4 first-level indexes,14 second-level indexes and 73 third-level indexes,from the perspective of interdisciplinary including social work,medicine,nursing and community governance.