数字劳动的社会主义解释可能——基于笕川村“电商一条街”的扩展个案研究

For a Possible Socialist Explication of Digital Labor:An Extended Case Study of E-commerce at Jianchuan Village

数字劳动研究在成为学界热点议题后,陷入了概念使用混乱、分析框架重复、语境迁移不适用的三重困境。本文以跨文化传播政治经济研究为理论框架,对浙江省缙云县笕川村“电商一条街”进行扩展个案研究,发现的是不同于现有文献中所呈现的被动的、原子化的“数字劳动”,是对全球数字资本主义逻辑而言具有逆向性的、主动的、集体性的劳动。本文认为,数字劳动讨论应在马克思主义中国化理论与实践框架下构建另一种解释可能。首先,破除“资本/工人”二分法,关注囊括外部大资本、地方小资本、劳动者以及各级党政部门等四大主体;其次,在关注对抗性的同时,也应注意多元主体间的合作与依存面向;最后,打造数字劳动的中国自主知识体系不仅关乎劳动概念的马克思主义中国化、时代化理解,还关乎知识生产的社会主义立场自觉。

After becoming a hot topic in the academic community, the study of digital labor has fallen into the triple-dilemma of confusing concepts, duplicating analytical frameworks, and inapplicable contextual transplantation. Drawing upon the transcultural political economy of communication framework, this paper conducts an extended case study of the“e-commerce street”in Jianchuan Village, Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province, and finds that, unlike the passive and atomized“digital labor”in the existing literature, the“e-commerce street”constitutes rural-returning, active, and collective labor against the logic of global digital capitalism. The paper argues that the discussion of digital labor should engender an alternative explanatory possibility in the context of the sinification of Marxist theory and practice. First of all, this entails the break-down of the“capital-labor”dichotomy through an engagement with the four major stakeholders of external big capital, local small capital, laborers,as well as national and local party-state authorities. Secondly, without overlooking confrontation, this entails more attention to the cooperation and interdependence among these multiple stakeholders. Finally, it needs to be stressed that the construction of China's autonomous knowledge system on digital labor concerns not only the sinification of the Marxist concept of labor in the new era, but also a conscientious socialist positionality on knowledge production.