教师心理健康:现实样态与风险防范

Teachers' Mental Health:The Current Situation and Risk Prevention

当前,社会发展正处在以“不确定性”为底色的大变局下,心理健康问题在全球范围引起了广泛关注,教师的心理健康问题亟待得到应有的重视。为厘清我国教师群体心理健康状况的现实样态,本研究采用元分析方法对2000年至2022年我国大中小幼教师的心理健康问题检出率进行了系统分析和分类比较。研究结果发现,我国教师群体心理健康问题的总体检出率为16.1%,年龄、学段、区域、年份的调节作用显著;教师心理健康问题检出率位居前三位的依次是强迫、抑郁、焦虑。教师的心理健康问题无论是总检出率还是各类指标的检出率,均呈现上升但复杂波动的趋势,其中,中学阶段和中部地区教师的心理健康问题较为凸显。直面教师心理健康问题的现实样态,既需要针对教师心理健康问题的关键风险因素实施精准干预,减少教师心理健康问题频发;又需要多方协同,切实遏制教师心理健康问题的上升趋势。根据国家的要求、社会的需求和教师的诉求,健全教师心理健康服务体系,提升教师心理健康服务效能,使教师真正成为中华民族伟大复兴的“立教之本,兴教之源,强国之根”。

At present,social development is facing great changes in the background of"uncertainty."Mental health problems draw wide attention across the world;in particular,teachers'mental health problems are in urgent need of due attention.To clarify the actual status of Chinese teachers'mental health,this study,based on meta-analysis,compares the rates of prevalence of mental health problems among teachers in China's universities,middle schools,primary schools and kindergartens between 2000 and 2022.The research results reveal the following:The general prevalence of mental health problems among teachers in China accounted for 16.1%,and there was a significant moderating effect in different ages,educational stages,regions and years;the highest rates of prevalence for the different types of teachers'mental health problems were compulsion,depression,and anxiety,respectively;and both the general prevalence of the teachers'mental health problems and the rates of prevalence for various indicators tended to go upwards but fluctuate,and the teachers in secondary schools and central regions showed more serious mental health problems.To address teachers actual mental health problems,we need to accurately intervene in their key risks and reduce their frequency;work together with various sectors to curb the increase of the risks;and based on national requirements,social needs,and teachers'demands,improve the mental health service system for teachers,increase the efficacy of teachers'mental health services,and truly make teachers the"foundation of education,the source of educational development,and the root for the building of a powerful country"in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.