新质生产力的政治经济学核心要义

Core Essentials of Political Economy of New Quality Productive Forces

全面正确深刻理解新质生产力需要将其置于马克思主义政治经济学的理论框架下进行考察。一方面,新质生产力理论从内涵跃升、组合创新、属性优化以及构建新型生产关系等方面实现了对马克思主义生产力理论的继承、创新和发展,完成了马克思主义生产力理论的又一次伟大飞跃。另一方面,新质生产力理论将西方经济增长理论中的一般性技术进步上升至原创性、颠覆性科技创新的战略高度,把科技创新引发的生产力的发展视为经济增长的根本动力,形成了关于生产力认识的中国话语和中国理论,完成了对西方经济增长理论的超越。新质生产力理论不仅引领了中国式现代化的前进方向,还破解了“中等收入陷阱”的话语陷阱,为广大发展中国家实现赶超提供了有益借鉴,更有助于开创人类文明新形态。

Summary:productive forces generated by scientific and technological innovation as the leading role,coupled with the achievement of disruptive technological breakthroughs.The absence of such key breakthroughs in scientific and technological development precludes the existence of new quality productive forces,indicating that advanced science and technology constitute the intrinsic driving force for new quality productive forces.The lessons of history and current trends all inspire us that in the new journey of building a great country and national rejuvenation,we must firmly promote high-quality development,improve independent innovation capabilities,and accelerate forming new quality productive forces.Only in this way can we truly grasp the initiative of development in fierce international competition.New quality productive forces have been formed and demonstrated in practice as a strong driving force for high-quality development.To better accelerate the formation and development of new quality productive forces,it is necessary to summarize them from the perspective of political economy theories to guide new development practices.Hence,this paper focuses on the core essentials of the political economy of new quality productive forces.The first part introduces the connotation and important characteristics of the Marxist productivity theory,and based on this,reveals in which aspects the theory of new quality productive forces has achieved inheritance,innovation,and development of the Marxist productivity theory.The second part reviews the understanding of the relationship between scientific and technological progress and economic growth in Western economic growth theories,and based on this,reveals in which aspects the theory of new quality productive forces has surpassed Western economic growth theories.The third part elucidates the important significance of proposing the theory of new quality productive forces.The main conclusions of this paper can be summarized in three aspects.Firstly,the theory of new quality productive forces has achieved the inheritance,innovation,and development of the Marxist productivity theory from the aspects of the connotation leap,combination innovation,attribute optimization,and construction of new production relations,completing another great leap of the Marxist productivity theory.Secondly,the theory of new quality productive forces elevates the general technological progress in Western economic growth theories to a strategic height of original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation,regards the development of productive forces triggered by scientific and technological innovation as the fundamental driving force for economic growth,and forms a Chinese discourse and Chinese theory on the understanding of productive forces,completing the transcendence of Western economic growth theories.Thirdly,the important significance of the theory of new quality productive forces is its ability to promote China to achieve steady and sustained development in the historical journey of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization,providing references for developing countries to get out of the"middle-income trap"and achieve economic catch-up,and promoting the creation of a new form of human civilization.The innovations of this paper are reflected in two aspects.On the one hand,based on the comparison with the Marxist productivity theory and Western economic growth theories,this paper demonstrates the transcendence of the theory of new quality productive forces,enriching theoretical research on new quality productive forces.On the other hand,this paper elucidates the important significance of the theory of new quality productive forces,reveals the practical path for a country to develop productive forces,and provides theoretical guidance for China and other countries to achieve a leap in productivity.