我国家庭法上遗产酌给请求权人规则之构造--以法定继承制度与遗产酌给制度之严格区分为法理基础

On the Rules Concerning the Claimant for Discretionary Inheritance in Family Law of China--Taking the Strict Distinction Between the Statutory Inheritance System and the Discretionary Inheritance System as the Jurisprudential Basis

在我国家庭法视阈内,为妥当区分法定继承制度与遗产酌给请求权制度,根据遗产酌给请求权的规范目的,遗产酌给请求权人应当被认定为“法定继承人以外的主体”。未实际继承遗产的法定继承人并非遗产酌给请求权人。不过,倘若没有实际继承遗产的法定继承人契合“依靠被继承人扶养”或者“对被继承人扶养较多”要件之规定,则其仍可借由遗产酌给请求权条款之类推适用,而取得“准寄养人遗产酌给请求权”或“准扶养人遗产酌给请求权”,继而根据具体情况分得适当遗产。此外,就未实际继承遗产的法定继承人类推适用遗产酌给请求权条款而言,应当根据不同类型的遗产酌给请求权之规范旨趣,结合未实际继承遗产的法定继承人与被继承人之间的法定扶养关系、亲属关系等因素,酌定其可以分得的遗产份额。

Within the framework of the family law of China,in order to reasonably distinguish between the statutory inheritance system and the rights of claim for discretionary inheritance system,according to the normative purpose of the rights of claim for discretionary inheritance,the claimant for discretionary inheritance should be determined as a"subject other than the statutory heirs".A statutory heir who has not actually inherited the estate is not a claimant for discretionary inheritance.However,if a statutory heir who has not actually inherited the estate meet the requirements of"being dependant on the support of the decedent"or"providing significant support to the decedent",such heir can still obtain"quasi-dependent's right of claim for discretionary inheritance"or"quasi-fosterer's right of claim for discretionary inheritance",and thus obtain appropriate interitance according to specific circumstances.In addition,regarding the situation where the clause on the rights of claim for discretionary inheritance is applicable by analogy to a statutory heir who has not actually inherited the estate,it is necessary to decide such heir's share of inheritance by discretion according to normative objectives of different types of rights of claim for discretionary inheritance and in combination of factors such as the statutory custodial relationship or kinship between the statutory heir who has not actually inherited the estate and the decedent.