鸭瘟病毒载体疫苗研究进展

Research Progress of Duck Plague Virus Vector Vaccines

疫苗接种是控制疫病的有效方法一,其中病毒载体疫苗以其转染效率高、外源基因表达水平高等优点成为当前疫苗的重要研究方向。鸭瘟病毒基因非常适合作为插入和表达其他病原体的外源抗原基因,并且随着CRISPR/Cas9技术、细菌人工染色体技术、同源重组技术等基因编辑技术的发展,鸭瘟病毒作为最有前途的载体被广泛应用于传染病疫苗研发。经试验验证,基于重组鸭瘟病毒载体的禽细菌病疫苗以及禽流感、鸭病毒性肝炎等多种病毒病疫苗均具有较好的免疫效果和安全性。本文综述了鸭瘟病毒作为疫苗载体的特点、鸭瘟病毒的基因编辑技术和鸭瘟病毒载体疫苗应用研究进展情况,以期为进一步研发鸭瘟病毒载体疫苗提供理论基础,同时也为新发传染病预防提供新策略。

Vaccination is one of effective methods to control animal diseases,especially viral vector vaccines with advantages of high transfection efficiency and high expression level of exogenous genes,which is becoming an important research direction at present.Duck plague virus genome is very suitable to insert and express exogenous genes of other pathogens,and has been widely used in the development of infectious disease vaccines as the most promising virus vector with the development of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9,bacterial artificial chromosome technology,homologous recombination technology,etc.As verified by experiments,good immunization effect and safety have been detected in avian bacterial disease vaccines based on recombinant duck plague virus vectors as well as viral disease vaccines such as avian infuenza vaccine and duck viral hepatitis vaccine.In the paper,the characteristics of duck plague virus as a vaccine vector as well as research progress on its gene editing technologies and application of the vector vaccines were reviewed,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research and development of such vaccines,and a new strategy for future prevention of any emerging infectious diseases.