骆驼蜱与蜱媒病研究进展

Research Progress of Camel Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

骆驼可适应于自然界高热干旱、长期缺水的恶劣环境,具有巨大的使用价值。骆驼的生存环境中存在大量的病原微生物,这些病原微生物严重危害骆驼的健康和生产。研究表明:嗜驼璃眼蜱是非洲大部分地区和亚洲部分国家在骆驼上寄生的优势蜱种,但随着动物及其产品在各中国内地间的运输,骆驼蜱种的流行范围逐步扩大;寄生于骆驼的蜱可以传播立克次氏体病、无形体病、支原体病、Q热等细菌病病原,巴贝斯虫、泰勒虫、伊氏锥虫等寄生虫,以及多种病毒,其中很多病原是多种动物共患病和人兽共患病病原。骆驼蜱及其传播的病原不仅能够损害骆驼的健康和生产,也会对其他家畜及公共卫生产生重要影响,需要采取措施加强对骆驼蜱的控制及蜱媒病的防控。本文通过梳理对骆驼危害严重的蜱以及通过蜱传播的疾病,以期掌握寄生于骆驼的蜱种及其传播的致病性病原,确保骆驼产业健康发展,保障公共卫生安全。

Camels have great value of application as they are adapted to harsh environment with high heat and drought and water shortage for long time.But their health and production are seriously endangered by a large number of pathogenic microorganisms in their living environment.It was studied that Hyalomma dromedari was dominant in camels in most regions of Africa and some countries in Asia,but the distribution of camel ticks had been gradually expanding with the transportation of animals and their products among continents;bacterial pathogens of rickettsial disease,anaplasmosis,mycoplasmosis,and Q-fever,parasites such as Babesia,Trypanosoma and Trypanosoma evansi as well as various viruses could be transmitted by the ticks parasitizing in camels,most of these pathogens contributed to a variety of panzootic and zoonotic diseases.Camel ticks and the tick-borne pathogens not only endangered camel health and production,but also affected other domestic animals and public health,which should be controlled and prevented by a series of countermeasures.In the paper,the ticks that were harmful to camels and the diseases transmitted by them were summarized,aiming to identify the species of ticks parasitizing in camels and the tick-borne pathogenic pathogens,and thus to safeguard healthy development of camel industry and public health safety.