可视硬性喉镜在颈托固定模拟困难气道患者经鼻气管插管中的应用

Application of visual rigid laryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation for patients simulated difficult airway with cervical spine immobilization

目的比较可视硬性喉镜与可视喉镜在颈托固定模拟困难气道患者经鼻气管插管中的应用效果。方法选择经鼻气管插管全麻手术患者90例,男52例,女38例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18.5~25.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。麻醉诱导前,脊柱外科医师根据患者实际情况选择合适型号颈托并调节固定颈部,建立困难气道模型。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:可视硬性喉镜组(R组)和可视喉镜组(C组),每组45例。R组和C组分别使用可视硬性喉镜和可视喉镜完成经鼻气管插管。记录鼻腔通过时间、声门暴露时间、插管时间、首次插管成功例数、插管次数。采用Cormark-Lehane(C-L)分级评估镜下声门暴露情况。采用改良经鼻气管插管困难量表(NIDS)对插管条件进行量化评估。记录插管前(T_(1))、插管后即刻(T_(2))、插管后1 min(T_(3))、插管后3 min(T_(4))的HR和MAP。记录插管相关并发症(鼻出血、咽喉痛、声嘶)的发生情况。结果与C组比较,R组鼻腔通过时间明显延长,声门暴露时间、插管时间明显缩短,插管无困难比例明显升高(P<0.05),T_(2)、T_(3)时R组HR明显减慢,MAP明显降低(P<0.05),R组鼻出血、咽喉痛、声音嘶哑发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组首次插管成功率、插管次数、C-L分级差异无统计学意义。结论对于颈托固定模拟困难气道的患者,可视硬性喉镜与可视喉镜均可安全有效地完成经鼻气管插管。与可视喉镜比较,使用可视硬性喉镜时声门暴露更快,插管时间更短,插管难度更低,对血流动力学影响更小,不良反应发生率更低。

Objective To compare the effects of visual rigid laryngoscope and visual laryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation(NTI)for patients with cervical spine immobilization simulated difficult airway.Methods Ninety patients scheduled for selective surgery under general anesthesia requiring NTI,52 males and 38 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m^(2),ASA physical statusⅠorⅡ,were scheduled for selective surgery under general anesthesia requiring NTI.Before anesthesia induction,the spinal surgeon selected an appropriate cervical collar and adjusted it to fix patient s neck to establishing difficult airway simulation model.All patients were randomly assigned into two groups:visual rigid laryngoscope(group R)and common visual laryngoscope(group C),45 patients in each group.NTI was performed using either visual rigid laryngoscope or visual laryngoscope in groups R and C,respectively.The nasal passage time,glottic exposure time,intubation time,number of successful first intubation attempts,and intubation attempts were recorded.Glottic exposure was assessed using the Cormack-Lehane(C-L)grading system,and the intubation condition was quantitatively evaluated using the modified nasal intubation difficulty scale(NIDS).The blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline(T_(1)),immediately after intubation(T_(2)),and at 1 minute(T_(3))and 3 minutes(T_(4))after intubation.The occurrence of intubation-related complications(nasal bleeding,sore throat,hoarseness)was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the nasal passage time and proportion of successful intubations without difficulty were significantly increased in group R,and the glottic exposure time and intubation time were significantly decreased in group R(P<0.05).Compared with group C,the HR and MAP at T_(2) and T_(3) were significantly decreased in group R(P<0.05).Compared with group C,group R had significantly lower incidence rates of nasal bleeding,sore throat,and hoarseness(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the first intubation success rate,number of intubation attempts,or C-L grade between the two groups.Conclusion Patients with cervical spine immobilization simulated difficult airway,both visual rigid laryngoscope and visual laryngoscope can be performed safely and effectively in NTI.Compared with visual laryngoscope,visual rigid laryngoscope can provide faster glottic exposure,shorter intubation time,lower intubation difficulty,less hemodynamic impact,and lower incidence of complications.