失血性休克患者GCS评分、Lac与输血量的相关性及预测价值

The correlation and predictive value of GCS score,Lac,and blood transfusion in patients with hemorrhagic shock

目的分析创伤急诊失血性休克患者格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgowcoma score,GCS)、血乳酸(lactic acid,Lac)与输血量的相关性及对患者预后的预测价值。方法回顾性收集2021年3月至2023年5月于金华市人民医院急诊医学中心诊治且完成随访的128例失血性休克患者的临床资料,按预后情况分为预后良好组(n=106)和预后不良组(n=22),比较两组患者的一般资料及GCS评分、Lac水平、输血量。采用Cox回归模型分析创伤急诊失血性休克患者预后情况的影响因素。建立受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析GCS评分、Lac水平、输血量对创伤急诊失血性休克患者预后的预测价值。结果128例患者中预后不良22例,占比17.19%。预后不良组患者的初始24h输血量及Lac、白细胞(whitebloodcell,WBC)水平高于预后良好组,入院GCS评分、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示初始24h输血量与入院GCS评分、入院Hb水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与入院Lac水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。初始24h输血量、入院GCS评分及入院Lac、Hb水平是影响创伤急诊失血性休克患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。初始24h输血量、入院GCS评分、入院Lac、入院Hb水平及联合检测的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.722、0.872、0.881、0.798、0.931,敏感度分别为68.2%、76.6%、85.7%、75.7%、88.8%,特异性分别为70.8%、81.0%、78.5%、81.0%、85.7%。成对Z检验显示,联合检测的AUC高于单个指标检测,且敏感度和特异性均为最优(P<0.05)。结论初始24h输血量、入院GCS评分及入院Lac、Hb水平均是影响创伤急诊失血性休克患者预后不良的独立危险因素,且4项指标联合检测的效能价值最高。

Objective To analyze the correlation between Glasgow coma score(GCS),blood lactic acid(Lac),and blood transfusion volume in traumatic emergency hemorrhagic shock patients,and their predictive value for patient prognosis.Methods Retrospective collection of clinical data from 128 trauma emergency shock patients who were treated and followed up in the Emergency Medical Center,Jinhua People’s Hospital from March 2021 to May 2023.They were divided into good prognosis group(n=106)and poor prognosis group(n=22)according to their prognosis.The general information,GCS score,Lac level,and blood transfusion volume of two groups were compared.Using Cox regression model to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis in trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients.Establish receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve to analyze the predictive value of GCS score,Lac level,and blood transfusion volume on the prognosis of trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients.Results Among 128 patients,22 had poor prognosis,accounting for 17.19%.The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,Lac,and white blood cell(WBC)in poor prognosis group were higher than those in good prognosis group,while the admission GCS score and hemoglobin(Hb)level were lower than those in good prognosis group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume was negatively correlated with admission GCS score and admission Hb level(P<0.05),and positively correlated with admission Lac level(P<0.05).The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,admission GCS score,admission Lac,and admission Hb levels are all independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients(P<0.05).The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,admission GCS score,admission Lac,admission Hb level,and combined predicted area under the curve(AUC)were 0.722,0.872,0.881,0.798,and 0.931,respectively,with sensitivity of 68.2%,76.6%,85.7%,75.7%,and 88.8%,and specificity of 70.8%,81.0%,78.5%,81.0%,and 85.7%,respectively.Paired Z-tests showed that the combined AUC was higher than a single indicator,and both sensitivity and specificity were optimal(P<0.05).Conclusion The initial 24-hour blood transfusion volume,admission GCS score,admission Lac,and admission Hb levels are all independent risk factors for poor prognosis in trauma emergency hemorrhagic shock patients,and the combined prediction of the four has the highest efficacy value.