道路交通系统数字孪生:概念、成熟度分级与研究展望

Digital Twins for Traffic Systems:Concept,Levels of Technical Maturity,and Research Directions

数字孪生的概念和技术的兴起为建立物理和虚拟空间融合交互的道路交通系统提供了关键的理论框架和技术指引,因此受到国内外学术界、工业界和政府部门的广泛关注。然而,在研究和应用过程中,道路交通系统数字孪生存在以下突出问题:①概念有待明晰;②孪生对象有待明确;③能力成熟度分级有待制定;④支撑数字孪生的新交通技术研究有待加强。为此,首先系统梳理并界定道路交通系统数字孪生的对象和概念,进一步提出道路交通系统数字孪生“可视-可诊-可管-可优”四级成熟度VDMO模型。以典型应用场景为切入点,系统分析了四级成熟度模型对应的研究进展、科学问题和关键技术。最后,从可持续发展和工程实践应用的视角,总结了道路交通系统数字孪生未来应用挑战和展望。该综述可为道路交通系统数字孪生的技术研究,工程实践及其可持续发展提供重要参考。

The emerging concept and technology of digital twins provide a key theoretical framework and technical route for the establishment of a traffic system that integrates and interacts with physical and virtual spaces and has received widespread attention from academic,industrial,and government sectors at home and abroad.However,in the process of research and application,there are several pressing issues with the digital twins for traffic systems:①The concept needs to be clarified;②The twinning object needs to be defined;③The maturity level of the twinning ability needs to be established;④Research on new transportation technologies supporting digital twins needs to be strengthened.To this end,this paper systematically sorts out and defines the concept and object of digital twins for traffic systems and further proposes a four-level maturity model called VDMO(“visible-diagnosable-manageable-optimizable”)of the digital twins for traffic systems.Typical application scenarios are taken as the entry point.Then,the research progress,scientific problems,and key technologies corresponding to the four-level maturity model are analyzed.Finally,from the perspective of sustainable development and engineering practice application,the challenges and prospects of digital twins for traffic systems are summarized.This review offers valuable references for technological research,engineering practices,and the sustainable development of digital twins in traffic systems.