苗药艾纳香挥发油提取工艺优化及不同产地的品质评价

Optimization of Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Miao Medicine Blumea balsamifera and Quality Evaluation of Different Producing Areas

目的:优化艾纳香挥发油提取工艺并对5个不同产地10个采集点的栽培及野生艾纳香挥发油主要品质指标进行初步评价。方法:采用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法,通过正交实验提取艾纳香挥发油,以提取温度、提取时间、药材粉碎度、浸泡时间、料液比、超声时间为考察指标,挥发油提取率为评价指标;采用气相色谱法(GC)对艾纳香挥发油进行含量测定及成分分析。结果:挥发油最佳提取温度为115℃、提取时间为3 h、药材粉碎度为3号筛(50目)、浸泡时间为1 h、料液比为1∶16(g∶mL)、超声为20 min;野生和栽培艾纳香在挥发油含量上无显著差异,栽培药材提取的艾纳香挥发油中L-龙脑、β-蒎烯、芳樟醇、β-石竹烯的含量均高于野生艾纳香挥发油中的含量。结论:所建立的挥发油提取工艺稳定可行,人工种植艾纳香挥发油质量优于野生艾纳香挥发油。

Objective To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil from Blumeabalsamifera and preliminarily evaluate the main quality indexes of volatile oil from cultivated and wild Blumea balsamifera in 10 collection points from 5 different producing areas.Methods Ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation was used to extract the volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera by orthogonal experiment.The extraction temperature,extraction time,grinding degree of medicinal materials,soaking time,solid-liquid ratio and ultrasonic time were used as the indexes,and the extraction rate of volatile oil was used as the evaluation index.The content and composition of volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera were determined by gas chromatography(GC).Results The optimum extraction temperature of volatile oil was 115°C,the extraction time was 3 h,The crushing degree of medicinal materials was No.3 sieve(50 mesh).The soaking time was 1 h,the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶16(g∶mL),and the ultrasonic time was 20 min.There was no significant difference in the content of volatile oil between wild and cultivated Blumea balsamifera.The contents of L-borneol,β-pinene,linalool andβ-caryophyllene in the volatile oil extracted from cultivated Blumea balsamifera were higher than those in the wild Blumea balsamifera.Conclusion The established extraction process of volatile oil is stable and feasible,and the quality of volatile oil from cultivated Blumea balsamifera is better than that of wild Blumea balsamifera.