《冷斋夜话》“王安石改苏轼《胜相院经藏记》”事考辨

Research and Analysis on Wang Anshi's Revision of Su Shi's Shengxiangyuan Jingzang Ji Recorded in LengZhai YeHua

《冷斋夜话》记载,王安石在读到苏轼《胜相院经藏记》之后相当赞赏,并将苏轼原稿“日胜日负”的“负”字改为“贫”字,这一改动最终得到了苏轼的认可。不过,这两处文字在《冷斋夜话》的不同版本以及后世引用中存在截然相反的情况,历代学者对王安石究竟是“改贫为负”还是“改负为贫”、苏轼的定本所用为何字以及此事的真伪都有不同意见。根据有关史料,王安石当是通过李琮读到苏轼此文并表示赞赏的;苏轼的原稿与定稿都是“日胜日贫”,改字之事乃子虚乌有。这则亦真亦假的轶事折射出宋人讲求“以一字见工拙”的文学创作与鉴赏观念以及他们对王、苏两人理想关系的想象。

According to Leng Zhai Ye Hua,Wang Anshi greatly appreciated Su Shi's Shengxiangyuan Jingzang Ji after reading it,and changed the“negative”character of Su Shi's original"daily victory and daily defeat"to“poverty”,which was ultimately recognized by Su Shi.However,these two texts have completely opposite situations in different versions of Leng Zhai Ye Hua and later citations.Scholars throughout history have different opinions on whether Wang Anshi“changed poverty to negative”or“changed negative to poverty”,which word Su Shi ultimately determined in the text,and the authenticity of this matter.According to relevant historical materials,Wang Anshi should have read Su Shi's article through Li Cong and expressed his appreciation.Both Su Shi's original and final drafts were“winning more money every day,but getting poorer every day”.The fact of modifying the text does not exist.This true and false anecdote reflects the Song people's emphasis on refining their literary creation by judging the quality of a work through a single word and their appreciation concepts,as well as their imagination of the ideal relationship between Wang Anshi and Su Shi.