基于无人机倾斜摄影测量技术的交通事故现场实景三维重建

Realistic 3D Reconstruction of Traffic Accident Scene Based on UAV Oblique Photogrammetry Technology

本文针对二维勘查手段在道路交通事故现场处理时效率不高、不易全面快速完成现场勘查工作的问题,引入无人机倾斜摄影测量技术,以实现事故现场的高效、全面勘查。该方法利用消费级无人机航拍获取带有位置信息的高分辨率现场照片,经三维重建,实现事故现场的数字化实景三维重建。从重建尺寸精度、重建效果、作业时长三个维度评估实景三维重建的有效性。试验结果表明,对于范围为20 m×30 m的事故现场,不同航拍高度下拍摄的照片序列合并重建的尺寸测量精度可达厘米级,其中30 m路面距离的相对误差为+1.6 cm;重建结果具有真三维效果,可清晰呈现路面划痕、散落物等;现场作业时长最少可缩短至5 min以内。本方法可实现交通事故现场三维场景的数字化重建,替代传统的拍照测量式勘查手段,可大幅缩短现场勘查时间,有利于交通事故现场的快处快疏。

The on-site investigation of traffic accidents in China mainly relies on two-dimensional exploration methods such as camera photographing,ruler measuring and hand-painted scene map.The works including photographing,fixing and position measurement of key trace material evidence are often manpower and time consumption.However,long-term scene investigation will occupy the accident section and even interrupt traffic,which will easily lead to secondary traffic accidents.To address the problem of low efficiency and difficulty in scene investigation work of road traffic accident using two-dimensional surveying methods,the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photogrammetry technology is introduced to achieve efficient and comprehensive scene surveys.This method utilizes consumer-grade UAV to capture high-resolution scene photos with location information through aerial photography.These photos are then processed by three-dimensional reconstruction,resulting in the digital reconstruction of the accident scene.The effectiveness of the digital reconstruction is evaluated in terms of reconstruction precision,reconstruction effect,and operation duration.Experimental results demonstrate that for the accident scene with an area of 20 m×30 m,the merging and reconstruction of photo sequences taken at different aerial heights can achieve centimeter-level precision in dimensional measurements,with a relative error of+1.6 cm for a 30 m road distance.The reconstruction results exhibit a true three-dimensional effect,which clearly displays road marks,scattered objects,and more.Moreover,the scene operation duration can be shortened to less than 5 minutes.This method realizes the digital reconstruction of three-dimensional scene at traffic accident sites,replaces traditional photo-based surveying methods,significantly improves scene investigation efficiency,and facilitates the rapid processing of traffic accident scenes.