综掘工作面半封闭式区域联合控尘技术研究

Study on Semi-enclosed Area Joint Dust Control Technology of Comprehensive Excavation Face

为有效提高综掘工作面降尘效率,克服单一降尘方式的局限性,建立了综掘工作面仿真模型,结合现场实测结果验证了模拟结果的可靠性,对综掘巷道风流场和粉尘扩散运移规律进行了研究,得到了高浓度粉尘积聚特征及分布范围。研究结果表明:综掘工作面迎头处为主要产尘源,粉尘在向巷道出口扩散过程中浓度逐渐降低;尘粒运移迹线与风速矢量基本一致;受掘进机影响,粉尘流在机身上方形成涡流,大量堆积于司机位置;在掘进机后方形成较大范围的回流沉降区域,易引发二次扬尘,污染巷道回风区域。基于此,提出了区域划分原则,确定迎头、掘进机头、司机位置、皮带上方粉尘回流区及距迎头15 m以外范围为重点除尘区,开发了单区域针对性除尘和多区域联合除尘相结合的半封闭式区域联合控尘技术,设计了由环状喷雾、气幕隔尘装置、除尘风机、散射型雾幕及全断面喷雾构成的综合控尘成套设备。玉华煤矿柴家沟井42221工作面现场应用结果表明,巷道平均降尘率达88%,司机位置全尘、呼尘降尘率均达到86%。

To effectively improve the dust reduction efficiency of comprehensive excavation face and overcome the limitations of a single dust reduction mode,a simulation model of comprehensive excavation face is established,and the reliability of the simulation results is verified by field measurement results.The wind flow field and dust diffusion and migration law of comprehensive excavation roadway are studied,and the characteristics and distribution range of high-concentration dust accumulation are obtained.The results show that the main dust generation source is at the head of comprehensive excavation face,and the concentration of dust gradually decreases during the diffusion process to the roadway outlet.The dust migration traces are basically consistent with the wind speed vector.Under the influence of roadheader,the dust flow forms a vortex above the fuselage,accumulating in large quantities at the driver′s position and forming a large range of backflow settlement area behind the roadheader,which can easily cause secondary dust and pollute the roadway return air area.Based on this,the principle of regional division is proposed,determining the head-on,roadhead,driver′s position,dust return area above the belt,and the range beyond 15 m from the head-on as the key dust removal areas.A semi-enclosed regional joint dust control technology combining single-area targeted dust removal and multi-zone combined dust removal is developed.A complete set of comprehensive dust control equipment is designed,composed of annular spray,air curtain dust separation device,dust removal fan,scattered fog curtain,and full-section spray.The field application results of the 42221 working face of Chaijiagou Well in Yuhua Coal Mine show that the average dust reduction rate of the roadway is 88%,and the dust reduction rate of the driver′s position is 86%.