论刑事诉讼中不同主体被遗忘权行使之限制

The Limitations on the Right to be Forgotten by Different Subjects in Criminal Proceedings

刑事诉讼中有引入被遗忘权的需求,但在具体制度设计中,应考虑不同信息主体在刑事诉讼中的不同身份,并依此对其行使被遗忘权予以必要限制。对于犯罪嫌疑人、被告人等被追诉人,在刑事诉讼尚未完成时,原则上不应支持其被遗忘权主张,仅允许极为少数之例,且加以案件类型、所处的诉讼阶段、所涉信息本身的性质以及被遗忘权的实现方式等方面的限制。对于已定罪罪犯,需从案件类型和情况、个人情况、时间长短、遗忘对象等几个方面着手予以限制。对于无辜者和被害人,其被遗忘权主张原则上应当予以支持,而对于证人和其他当事人或诉讼参与人,亦应考虑各自具体情况再作许可或限制。通过对不同主体被遗忘权有针对性地限制,可以实现被遗忘权在刑事诉讼领域与其他诉讼价值的协调和平衡。

There is a need to introduce the right to be forgotten in criminal proceedings,however,it is also necessary to consider the different identities of information subjects in criminal proceedings when designing the specific systems and to impose appropriate limitations on their exercise of the right to be forgotten accordingly.To be specific,for the suspects and defendants,their right to be forgotten should not be supported in principle while the criminal proceedings are still ongoing,except in very few circumstances where limitations should be imposed based on such considerations as the type of case,the stage of the proceedings,the nature of the information involved,and the manner in which the right to be forgotten is realized.For convicted criminals,restrictions should be made according to the type and circumstances of the case,personal situation,time duration of the information involved,and the object of the right to be forgotten.For the innocent and victims,their claims to the right to be forgotten should generally be supported,while for witnesses and other parties or participants in criminal proceedings,their claims should be considered based on their specific circumstances.By imposing targeted limitations on the right to be forgotten for different subjects,the right to be forgotten and other values in criminal proceedings could be balanced.