数据产品权益的添附解释路径与制度构建

The Interpretative Path and Institutional Construction of Accretion of Rights and Interests in Data Products

从数据的价值生成逻辑看,数据产品与原始数据、数据资源不应被置于同一维度考察。数据产品经由数据处理者的实质性加工,已然成为独立的权利客体,应予以财产权保护。添附理论中权利变动和利益平衡的双重运行机制为数据产品确权及规制提供了思路借鉴。数据产品应根据添附规则明确数据产品权益属于数据处理者。数据产品权益既可因添附而原始取得,也可基于债权契约而继受取得。基于数据共享和增值的理念,应尊重原始数据权利人的合法权益,以征收数据税作为对原始数据权利人整体利益的一种回补方式,以添附债权回补规则扭转各方主体的利益失衡局面。

From the perspective of data value generation logic,data products should not be examined in the same dimension as raw data and data resources.Data products,through substantive processing by data processors,have become independent objects of rights and should be protected by property rights.There are many difficulties in the current protection mode of data product rights.The dual operation mechanism of right changes and interest balance in the theory of accretion provides a reference for the confirmation and regulation of data product rights.Taking reference to the accretion rules,it should be clearly defined that the rights and interests of data products belong to the data processors.The rights and interests of data products can be acquired either by accretion as an original right or by inheritance based on a contract of claim.Based on the concept of data sharing and value addition,the legitimate rights and interests of the original data right holders should be respected.The collection of data taxes could be used as a way to supplement the overall interests of the original data right holders,and the compensation rules for claims based on accretion as a way to reverse the imbalance of interests among all parties.