大规模个人信息侵权中非物质性损害的要件认定及救济导向——以首例涉人脸信息保护民事公益诉讼案为例

The Determination and Relief of Intangible Damage in Large-scale Infringement on Personal Information——taking the first civil public interest lawsuit involving facial information as an example

本案系全国首例涉人脸信息保护民事公益诉讼案件。其有效解决了大规模个人信息侵权中非物质性损害认定等审判实践中的难点问题,确立了非物质性损害的要件认定及救济导向,即侵权人造成的非物质性损害具有显著性及客观性,并可以证明产生个人信息泄露的外部风险与侵权行为存在因果关系的,应承担相应的损害赔偿责任。同时,由于风险在特定条件下可以预防、消除,故侵权人通过行为补偿的方式采取补救措施,达到与侵害范围相当程度的,可以减免其赔偿责任。本案创新提出的“恢复性司法+社会化综合治理”路径,与单一追究违法行为人的法律责任相比,最明显的作用是让侵权人通过“现身说法”,释放出“审理一案、教育一片”的警示效应,从源头减少此类违法行为,对促进公益诉讼结果有效化具有积极的社会意义。

This case is the first civil public interest litigation involving the protection of facial information in China.It effectively addressed the challenging issues in judicial practice regarding the determination of intangible damage in large-scale personal information infringement,such as the criteria for establishing intangible damage and the guiding principles for appropriate relief.Specifically,if the intangible damage caused by the infringer is salient and objective,and a causality between the external risks of personal information leakage and the tortious act can be proved,the infringer should bear the corresponding liability for compensating damages.At the same time,considering that risks can be prevented or eliminated under certain circumstances,the infringer's liability for recovery of damages can be reduced or exempted if they take certain remedial actions proportionate to the scope of the infringement.Compared to solely pursuing the legal responsibility of the wrongdoer,the innovative approach of"restorative justice+comprehensive social governance"illustrated in this case can realize the positive effects of"trying one case and educating the mass"through the infringer's personal experience,reducing similar illegal activities at the source,and enhancing the effectiveness of public interest litigation.