木雅语东、西部方言的致使结构

Causative Constructions in Eastern and Western Menya

本文从类型学视角出发,分别对木雅语两个方言词汇型、形态型和分析型三种类型的致使结构进行描写、分析及比较。此外,对西部方言中动词词根清声母与鼻浊声母交替而产生的动词及物性变化现象进行了深入分析。通过该现象与临近语言及古汉语不及物前缀^(*)m-的对比分析,认为木雅语西部方言中看似内部屈折形式的形态型致使,有可能是通过添加反致使前缀,从及物到不及物的反致使现象。

The causative constructions in Eastern and Western Menya are described,analyzed and compared in this article.From a typological perspective,the lexical,morphological and analytic causatives are found in the two dialects of Menya.In addition,the alternation between the voiceless obstruent and the voiced nasal initials of the verb stems for transitivity expression in the Western dialect has been given an in-depth analysis.Through a comparative analysis between this phenomenon and the intransitive prefix^(*)m-in surrounding languages and Old Chinese,the seemingly morphological causative via internal inflection in Western Menya may well be an anti-causative which turns a transitive verb into an intransitive one through affixation of an anti-causative prefix.