新见清抄本《西番译语》蒙式藏语读音考

A Study on the Phonology of the Newly Discovered Qing Dynasty Transcript of Xifan Yiyu

亲新见清抄本《西番译语》的音系与藏语三大方言的比较结果显示,单辅音韵尾留存与安多方言基本相同;无前置辅音与基字形成的复辅音声母(cC-)和Ky-/Py-单辅音声母聘化这两个特征与卫藏方言更接近;Pr-/sr-复辅音声母仍分开发音,藏语舌面音ca/cha/ja有时用卷舌汉字对音等特征,又与卫藏方言有差别。综合考虑蒙藏民族交往的历史,并将清抄本所记藏语与笔者田野调查所得蒙古族使用藏语的材料进行比较,推断清抄本《西番译语》记录的藏语为蒙式藏语。

The comparison between the phonology reflected in the newly discovered Qing dynasty transcript Xifan Yiyu and those represented by the three major Tibetan dialects shows the following results.The phonology in the newly discovered copy is basically the same as that of the Amdo dialect in terms of the retention of single consonant codas.It is more similar to the Utsang dialect in terms of two features,one being the absence of consonant cluster initials formed with a pre-consonant and a base consonant(cC)and the other being the presence of the palatalization of Ky/Py consonant initials;however,on the other hand,it is distinct from the Utsang dialect in that the two segments forming the pr/sr consonant cluster initials are pronounced separately,and the Tibetan palatal sounds ca/cha/ja are sometimes transcribed using Chinese characters with retroflex sounds.In view of a comprehensive consideration of the history of communication between the Mongolian and the Tibetan ethnic groups and a comparison of the Tibetan language represented by the Qing dynasty transcript with that spoken by modern Mongolian intellectuals,the author infers that the Tibetan language recorded in the Qing dynasty transcript Xifan Yiyu is a Tibetan variety heavily influenced by the Mongolian language.