中国经济现代化的马克思主义广义政治经济学阐释

Interpretation of China's Economic Modernization Based on Marxist General Political Economy

中国经济现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分。按照理论逻辑与历史逻辑、实践逻辑相统一原则,对其进行理论阐释既是政治要求,也是更高的科学要求。本文在厘清分工范畴基本问题基础上,提出了以劳动为起点范畴,以劳动分工为中心范畴,以生产方式演化亦即劳动分工组织演化为纲的马克思主义广义政治经济学逻辑主线,阐明了这一逻辑主线从高度抽象生产方式到相对具体生产方式,再到个别具体生产方式的三层解析逻辑。其中,相对具体生产方式即劳动分工生产方式的发展内生了分工发展与市场扩展循环累积、相互促进的经济发展一般机制;个别具体生产方式导致这一经济发展一般机制在不同社会形态中呈现特殊的经济运行与发展格局。本文沿着从生产方式到经济发展一般机制,再到经济运行与发展格局的演化主线,运用主要矛盾分析方法,对中国经济现代化进行马克思主义广义政治经济学阐释。经济上“组织起来”主要是马克思论述的团队化分工组织和市场化分工组织发展及其相互促进。“组织起来”(即其中的团队化分工组织发展)是中国经济现代化的发动机,是历史逻辑起点,劳动分工是阐释中国经济现代化的理论逻辑起点,两者具有同一性,从而实现理论逻辑与历史逻辑在起点上的统一。“组织起来”即“两类分工”发展及其相互促进又内生出了马克思恩格斯最早最完整论述的分工发展与市场扩展循环累积、相互促进的经济发展一般机制,推进了中国经济现代化的高速度与高质量发展。因此,运用马克思主义广义政治经济学范式能够对中国经济现代化进行理论逻辑与历史逻辑、实践逻辑相统一的阐释,组织起来既是中国经济现代化的发动机,又是中国经济现代化的实现机制,中国共产党始终是组织起来的核心力量。

China's economic modernization is a crucial component of the Chinese modernization.In accordance with the principles of the unity of theoretical logic,historical logic and practical logic,the theoretical interpretation of China's economic modernization is not only a political requirement,but also a higher scientific demand.On the basis of clarifying some basic issues of division of labor,this article proposes a Marxist general political economy logic that starts with labor as the initial category,centers on the division of labor,and takes the evolution of production modes,that is,the organization of division of labor,as the main thread.It clarifies the three-layer analytical logic from highly abstract production modes to relatively specific production modes,and then to individual specific production modes.The development of relatively specific production modes,namely the division of labor production modes,generates a general mechanism of economic development that involves the cyclical accumulation and mutual promotion of division of labor development and market expansion;Individual specific production modes lead to this general mechanism of economic development exhibiting unique patterns of economic ooperationand development in different social formations.Following the evolutionary mainline from modes of production to general mechanisms of economic development,and then to paterns of economic operation and development,this article employs the main contradiction analysis method to provide a Marxist general political economy interpretation of China's economic modernization.Economically,"Organizing the whole people"mainly refers to the development and mutual promotion of team-based and market-oriented division of labor organizations as discussed by Marx."Organizing the whole people"(meaning organizational development of team-based division of labor)is the engine of China's economic modernization,the starting point of historical logic,and the division of labor is the starting point of theoretical logic for explaining China's economic modernization.Both share the same essence,thus achieving the unity of theoretical logic and historical logic at the starting point."Organizing the whole people",namely the development and mutual promotion of"two types of division of labor",gives rise to the general mechanism of economic development that Marx and Engels first and most comprehensively discussed,characterized by the cyclical accumulation and mutual promotion of division of labor development and market expansion,promoting the high-speed and high-quality development of China's economic modernization.Therefore,applying the Marxist paradigm of general political economics can provide a unified interpretation of the theoretical logic,historical logic,and practical logic of China's economic modernization."Organizing the whole people"is both the engine and the realization mechanism of China's economic modernization.The CPC has always been the core force of organizing.