柴油化学组成与主要理化性质的相互作用关系概述

Overview of the Interaction Between the Chemical Composition and Main Physicochemical Properties of Diesel Fuel

为降低柴油在使用过程中对环境的污染,并且推动汽车行业向更环保、更高效的方向发展,我国柴油质量已经逐步完成从国Ⅳ到国Ⅵ的升级,标准对柴油的品质要求愈来愈严格。质量的升级对车用柴油的理化性质产生了直接的影响,而柴油的化学组成又决定其理化性质。因此探究柴油化学组成与理化性质的关系,既可帮助燃油生产商更合理的优化柴油配方以满足更高的质量要求,亦可帮助用户结合自身需求选择柴油产品以提高柴油利用率并减少环境污染。综述了柴油的化学组成与密度、十六烷值、润滑性、低温流动性、含硫化合物、含氮化合物以及脂肪酸甲酯的内在关系,可以为柴油调和与质量升级提供理论基础,亦能够为能源可持续发展和环境保护提供有益参考。

In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the use of diesel fuel and to promote the development of the automotive industry towards greater environmental protection and efficiency,China has upgraded diesel quality from China IV to China VI,with increasingly stringent standards for the physicochemical properties of diesel.The quality upgrade has a direct impact on the physicochemical properties of diesel fuel,which are determined by its chemical composition.Therefore,investigating the relationship between the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of diesel fuel can help fuel producers optimize diesel formulations to meet higher quality requirements and assist users in selecting diesel products based on their needs to improve diesel utilization and reduce environmental pollution.This study reviews the intrinsic relationships between the chemical composition of diesel fuel and its density,cetane number,lubricity,low-temperature fluidity,sulfur-containing compounds,nitrogen-containing compounds,and fatty acid methyl esters(FAME).This study provides a theoretical basis for diesel blending and quality upgrading,as well as a useful reference for sustainable energy development and environmental protection.