脂质精细结构质谱准确测量方法研究进展

Research Progress in Accurate Mass Spectrometry-Based Measurement Methods for Lipid Fine Structure

脂质是细胞内的重要功能生物分子,其数量庞大,种类繁多,且具有结构多样性。近年来,许多学者致力于脂质精细结构的准确测量,以期发现新型脂质分子(群)作为疾病标志物或开展功能研究。脂质标准物质在脂质的定性定量中发挥着重要作用,但由于脂质精细结构的多样性,其制备和定值都不是一件易事。质谱具有强大的化合物结构精准测量能力,在脂质精细结构测量领域备受关注。脂质精细结构质谱分析方法在近年来取得迅速发展,为人们提供了脂质分子研究新视角,加深了人们对脂质结构多样性和脂质代谢网络的认识,也推动了潜在疾病标志物和代谢通路的发现。目前,基于质谱的脂质精细结构测量方法主要采用新型的离子活化裂解和特异性化学衍生两种策略,实现了多种脂质精细结构异构体有效区分和准确测量。对近年来基于上述原理的质谱测量方法进行了归纳及评述,并对未来脂质标准物质的研制进行了展望。

Lipids are essential functional biomolecules within cells,characterized by their abundant quantities,diverse species,and versatile structures.In recent years,numerous scholars have devoted efforts to developing advanced techniques for the accurate characterization of lipid fine structures,aiming to identify novel lipid molecules as disease biomarkers and for lipid functional research.Lipid reference materials play important roles in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids,but due to the diversity of lipid fine structures,their preparation and quantification are challenging tasks.Mass spectrometry(MS),renowned for its robust capability in accurate compound structure measurement,has gained significant attention in the field of lipid fine structure characterization.MS-based analytical methods for lipid fine structure analysis have rapidly progressed,offering a novel perspective for lipid study,deepening our understanding of lipid structural diversity and the lipid metabolic network.Moreover,these methods have propelled the screening of potential disease biomarkers and the discovery of new metabolic pathways.Currently,MS-based analytical methods for accurate lipid fine structure measurement primarily employ two strategies:novel ion activation/dissociation methods and specific chemical derivatization.These approaches demonstrate excellent analytical performance for a variety of lipid fine structure isomers.This review summarizes the MS-based analytical methods for lipid fine structure and provides an outlook on their applications in the preparation of lipid reference materials.