粪菌移植在神经精神疾病治疗中的应用

Application of fecal microbiota transplantation in treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

近年来,越来越多的研究发现肠道菌群可通过神经递质、内分泌、免疫和代谢等途径参与肠道和中枢神经系统的双向调节;大脑也可调节肠道菌群的结构组成,适应环境改变,维持肠道微生态平衡。这些发现逐渐形成了一个新的医学研究热点——“肠道菌群-肠-脑轴”,它与孤独症谱系障碍、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、情感障碍、焦虑、精神分裂症和神经性厌食症等一系列神经精神疾病密切相关。重建健康的肠道菌群是治疗脑部疾病的新策略,而粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)是重建肠道菌群的有效手段。随着研究的深入,FMT在治疗神经精神疾病方面取得了一些重要的进展。本文主要就FMT在治疗神经精神疾病中的应用、安全性和局限性作一综述。

Recently,more and more studies have shown that the gut microbiota can participate in the bidirectional regulation of the gut and central nervous system through neurotransmitter,endocrine,immune and metabolic pathways.The brain can also regulate the structural composition of the gut microbiota,adapt to environmental changes and maintain intestinal microecological balance.These findings have gradually formed a new medical research hotspot,the"Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis"(MGB),which is closely related to a series of neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism,Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease,affective disorders,anxiety and Schizophrenia.The reconstruction of healthy intestinal flora is a new strategy for the treatment of brain diseases,and intestinal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is considered an effective means of rebuilding the intestinal microbiota.With the deepening of FMT research,some important research progress has been made in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases with FMT.This article mainly reviews the application,safety and limitations of FMT in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.