环境友好防腐材料-聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备及其研究进展

Environmentally Friendly Anticorrosive Materials-Preparation and Research Progress of Polyaniline Nanocomposites

简要介绍了聚苯胺的合成方法,如溶液聚合、反相微乳液聚合、模板聚合、电化学聚合和酶催化聚合。针对聚苯胺在防腐涂料应用中存在的问题,主要从有机酸掺杂、取代改性和原位聚合3个方面对聚苯胺纳米复合材料的改性和制备方法进行了探讨。通过改性可以减少聚苯胺分子链之间的相互作用,从而提高其溶解度和抗腐蚀性能。然后,介绍了氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺、碳纳米管/聚苯胺、无机物/聚苯胺、有机物/聚苯胺4种纳米复合材料近年来在金属防腐领域的研究现状。最后指出现阶段聚苯胺纳米复合材料存在制备工艺复杂、受环境因素影响、防腐机理有待进一步完善等问题。开发长期稳定、耐腐蚀性强的“智能”聚苯胺纳米复合材料将是未来的研究方向。

With good conductivity,pitting resistance,corrosion stability and low cost,polyaniline can be used as a filler in the field of anti-corrosion coatings for metallic materials.However,as a filler for anticorrosion coatings,the solubility and dispersibility of polyaniline are poor,and the porous structure of polyaniline has weak adhesion to the metal substrates,resulting in unsatisfactory corrosion resistance of the coating.If it can be modified reasonably and effectively,the above problems can be solved.The synthetic methods of polyaniline,such as solution polymerization,inverse microemulsion polymerization,template polymerization,electrochemical polymerization and enzyme catalyzed polymerization,were briefly introduced in the article.In response to the problems in the application of polyaniline in anti-corrosion coatings,the modification and preparation methods of polyaniline nanocomposites were mainly discussed from three aspects:organic acid doping,substitution modification,and in-situ polymerization etc.The interaction between polyaniline molecular chains can be reduced by modification,thereby its solubility and corrosion resistance can also be improved.Then,the research status of graphene oxide/polyaniline,carbon nanotubes/polyaniline,inorganic/polyaniline,and organic/polyaniline nanocomposites in the field of metal corrosion protection in recent years was introduced.Finally,it is pointed out that the preparation process of polyaniline nanocomposites is complicated,which may be affected by environmental factors,and the anti-corrosion mechanism of polyaniline nanocomposites needs to be further clarified at this stage.While the development of"intelligent"polyaniline nanocomposites with long-term stability and strong corrosion resistance will be the future research direction.