论儒家诚信道德与现代公民道德的关联——从梁启超重视私德的思想转向谈起

On the Relationship between Confucian Integrity and Modern Civic Morality——Staring from Liang Qichao's Change of Thought to Value Private Morality

梁启超的公德论为人们所熟知,他倡导塑造国民公德的《新民说》在近代产生了极大反响。学界不乏论述儒家诚信道德的现代意义者。儒家强调个人从本心出发秉持诚信,而按照梁启超对于公德与私德的划分,儒家诚信道德属于私德范畴。值得注意的是,梁启超并不是一味推崇公德,他的思想经历了由重视公德到以私德为“第一义”的转变。这一转变主要源自于他对破坏主义进行的全面反思和批判。他在关于私德必要性的论述中言明儒家诚信道德的重要意义。儒家诚信道德虽然为独善其身的私德,但其作用却并不局限于个人,而是深刻影响着社会整体。梁启超认为破除中国原有个人诚信之德的做法并不可行。这表明在公德为私德之推的意义上,个人诚信之德与现代公民道德具有高度的配适性。

Liang Qichao is well known for His Xinmin Shuo,which advocates shaping public morality and has great influences in modern times.There are also scholars discussing the significance for the current age of Confucian integrity,which belongs to private morality according to Liang Qichao's view.It is worth noting that Liang Qichao underwent a change of thought from valuing public morality to taking private morality as the“first principle”after his comprehensive reflection and critique on sabotage.In his discussion of the necessity of private morality,he stated the importance of Confucian integrity and its function for both individuals and the whole society.Liang Qichao believes that it is not feasible to break away from the Chinese very virtue of personal integrity,which has a high degree of compatibility with modern civic morality.