地方经济激励政策的竞争与高质量发展转型

Competition of Local Economic Incentive Policies and Transformation for High-Quality Development

税收返还、投资奖励、用电用地补贴等针对企业的财政补助是各地为招商引资、促进本地区经济发展而普遍使用的激励性政策工具,各级政府也都为此承担了较高的财政成本。本文以国内A股市场400余家企业公开发布的政府补助数据为基础,深入分析了地方经济激励政策存在的突出问题及其政策有效性。建议将各地经济激励政策纳入国家区域协调发展政策体系之中,在制度层面加强地方经济激励政策的协调和规范,确立统一的制定程序、监督和评估规则,有效控制各地激励政策的“零和”竞争;立足区域协调发展的全局和高质量发展的新要求,进一步优化地方性激励政策的功能和结构,逐步从投资竞争性补助转向以支持企业“创新”和促进高质量就业为重点;在国家层面要加强对地方经济激励政策的区域性影响评估,可能扭曲市场机制、违背区域公平竞争的激励政策要及时退出。

The financial support for enterprises,such as tax refunds,investment incentives,and electricity and land subsidies,are incentive tools commonly used by local governments to attract investment and promote local economic development.Governments at all levels bear high financial costs for such support.This article analyzes the problems and effectiveness of local economic incentive policies based on the government subsidy data released by more than 400 listed companies in China's A-share market.It is suggested that local economic incentive policies should be integrated into the whole regional policy system.The coordination and standardization of regional economic incentive policies should be strengthened at the institutional level and unified formulation procedures and supervision and evaluation rules should be established to control the“zero-sum”competition of incentive policies among different regions.Considering the new requirements of regional coordinated development and high-quality development,we need to optimize the functions and structures of regional incentive policies,more focus on supporting enterprise innovation and promoting high-quality employment.The central government should strengthen the assessment of the effects of regional economic incentive policies and abolish the incentive policies that may distort market mechanisms and violate fair competition between regions.