中日韩服务贸易竞争力比较及影响因素研究

Comparison and Influencing Factors of Trade in Service Competitiveness between China,Japan,and the Republic of Korea

服务贸易是国家经济发展的重要驱动力。中国、日本、韩国作为彼此重要的服务贸易伙伴,虽然贸易规模不断扩大,但结构不平衡。通过测算和比较2005—2022年中日韩各国的IMS、TC、RCA竞争力指数,发现中国作为后发服务贸易大国,在电信、计算机和信息,以及其他商务服务等新兴服务贸易领域呈现较强的竞争力,且在建筑和运输等传统服务贸易领域呈现一定竞争优势,日本、韩国在知识产权、金融等高附加值的知识、技术密集型部门具有较强竞争优势。根据波特的国际竞争优势理论进行实证检验发现,货物贸易和服务业发展水平及服务业开放度显著影响中日韩服务贸易竞争力。为增强中国服务贸易竞争力,应发挥货物贸易的拉动效应,优化服务贸易结构,扩大对服务业的对外开放,推动服务贸易高质量发展。

The trade in service is an important driving force for national economic development.China,Japan,and the Republic of Korea,as partners of trade in service,keep expanding their trade scales,while the structures remain imbalanced.This study calculates the international market share(IMS),trade competitiveness(TC),and revealed comparative advantage(RCA)indexes of China,Japan,and the Republic of Korea from 2005 to 2022.The results show that as a latecomer in trade in service,China has strong competitiveness in the emerging fields such as telecommunications,computer and information,and other business services and demonstrates competitive advantages in the conventional fields such as construction and transportation.Japan and the Republic of Korea have strong competitive advantages in value-added knowledge-and technologyintensive sectors such as intellectual property and finance.According to Porter's theory of competitive advantage of nations,the empirical tests show that the development level of trade in goods and service industry,as well as the openness of the service industry,significantly influence the trade in service competitiveness of China,Japan,and the Republic of Korea.To enhance the competitiveness of trade in service,China should leverage the driving effect of trade in goods,optimize the structure of trade in service,expand the opening of the service industry,and promote the high-quality development of trade in service.